Fruit Horticulture Concepts
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These flashcards cover key concepts related to fruit horticulture, specifically focusing on blueberry, currant, gooseberry, and strawberry cultivation, as well as pollination principles.
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Blueberries bear fruit on ______ season's growth.
previous
Why must blueberries be pruned annually?
To prevent overbearing and small fruit.
What happens if blueberries are not pruned?
They produce small berries.
What type of blueberries overbear?
Highbush blueberries.
What is the goal of blueberry pruning?
Maintain fruit size and plant vigor.
Why remove older wood in blueberries?
Older canes are less productive.
What type of growth produces fruit in blueberries?
New growth from previous year.
Why is thinning blueberry canes important?
Improves airflow and fruit size.
What happens to yield without pruning?
Yield decreases over time.
What is a key pruning target in blueberries?
Remove weak and old canes.
Why allow light into blueberry plants?
Improves fruit quality.
What type of pruning is used for blueberries?
Selective cane removal.
When is blueberry pruning done?
During dormancy.
What happens to dense blueberry bushes?
Poor airflow and disease risk.
Why are strong canes preferred?
Produce larger fruit.
What is the result of balanced pruning?
Better yield and healthier plants.
Why is rejuvenation pruning needed?
Replace older unproductive wood.
What is overbearing?
Producing too many fruits.
What effect does pruning have on berry size?
Increases size.
What is the main benefit of annual pruning?
Consistent production.
Currants and gooseberries produce fruit on ______ year old canes.
1-, 2-, and 3-.
What happens to canes older than 3 years?
They become less productive.
When should currants be pruned?
Before spring growth begins.
Why remove old wood?
Encourages new productive growth.
What type of plants are currants and gooseberries?
Shrubs.
What should be removed besides old wood?
Weak and excess wood.
Why shape currant bushes?
Maintain compact form.
What type of growth produces best fruit?
Younger canes.
What happens if old canes remain?
Reduced yield.
What is the pruning frequency?
Once per year.
Why maintain open structure?
Improve light and airflow.
What type of pruning is done?
Renewal pruning.
What is the goal of pruning currants?
Maximize productivity.
What happens to dense shrubs?
Higher disease risk.
What is the benefit of removing weak wood?
Improves plant vigor.
Why is light important?
Enhances fruit quality.
What happens without pruning?
Overcrowding.
Why is yearly pruning required?
Maintain fruiting balance.
What is ideal cane age?
1–3 years.
What is removed first?
Oldest canes.
Strawberry systems include matted row, spaced runner, and ______.
hill.
What should be removed during the first year?
Flowers.
Why remove flowers in first year?
Promote stronger plants.
What is the matted row system?
Allow runners to root freely.
How wide should matted rows grow?
About 2 feet.
What spacing is used in matted rows?
2 feet apart plants, 3–4 feet rows.
What is the least productive system?
Matted row.
What is the spaced runner system?
Runners placed evenly.
Why space runners?
Reduce competition.
What is the hill system?
No runners, strong mother plant.
What spacing is used in hill system?
1 to 1.5 feet.
Why pinch off runners?
Encourage main plant growth.
What system is best for everbearing strawberries?
Hill system.
Why is hill system used in warm climates?
Less cold damage.
How long can strawberry plantings last?
Up to 4 years.
When should renewal begin?
After harvest.
What is done during renewal?
Mow foliage.
How high is foliage cut?
1 inch above crown.
What is done after mowing?
Remove debris and weeds.
Why fertilize after harvest?
Promote new growth.
What happens after renewal?
New runners appear.
How soon do runners appear?
Within 1 month.
What is crown?
Base of plant.
Why water after renewal?
Encourage regrowth.
What reduces yield over time?
Plant age.
Why control weeds?
Reduce competition.
What is the goal of renewal?
Maintain productivity.
What happens without renewal?
Declining yields.
What is the strongest plant in hill system?
Mother plant.
What happens if runners are not controlled?
Overcrowding.
Why are strawberries replanted?
Declining productivity.
What type of fertilizer is used?
Balanced fertilizer.
What is row narrowing?
Reducing plant width.
What tool is used for narrowing?
Hoe or rototiller.
Why maintain narrow rows?
Better growth conditions.
What is plant spacing importance?
Reduces competition.
What affects berry size?
Plant spacing and nutrients.
What is the main maintenance activity?
Renewal.
Why are strawberries high maintenance?
Require frequent care.
What determines yield?
Care and system used.
Many fruit trees require ______ pollination.
cross.
What is cross-pollination?
Pollination between different cultivars.
What is self-pollination?
Plant pollinates itself.
What are self-sterile plants?
Cannot pollinate themselves.
Why do some trees not bear fruit?
Lack of pollination.
What is required for fruit set?
Pollination and fertilization.
What is parthenocarpy?
Fruit without fertilization.
Name a parthenocarpic fruit.
Navel orange.
Why plant multiple cultivars?
Ensure pollination.
What pollinates most fruit trees?
Insects or wind.
What is wind pollination?
Pollen carried by air.
What type of trees need opposite sexes?
Nut trees.
Why is pollination timing important?
Flowers must overlap.
What happens without pollination?
No fruit production.
What is a compatible cultivar?
Can cross-pollinate successfully.
Why do homeowners fail to get fruit?
Ignore pollination needs.
What is pollen?
Male reproductive cells.
What is fertilization?
Fusion of pollen and ovule.
What determines pollination success?
Timing and compatibility.
What affects pollinator activity?
Weather.
