Lab 1: Heart & Blood Pressure: Terms

Region containing heart and located between lungs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae, what is this?

Mediastinum

Membranes surrounding the heart?

Pericardium

What are the two layers to pericardium?

Parietal and Visceral layer

Outer serous membrane is attached to fibrous percardium?

Parietal layer

Inner serous membrane is outermost cell layer of heart wall is what?

Visceral layer

What is the pointed end of the heart called?

Apex

What is the blunt, great vessels of the heart?

Base

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Outermost, made of epithelial and connective tissue?

Epicardium

Middle, thickest, and made of cardiac muscle?

Myocardium

Innermost, and made of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and connective tissue?

Endocardium

Flaps on atria called?

Auricles

In between ventricles and a branch of L coronary artery and great cardiac vein are located here too?

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Between R atrium and R ventricle?

Coronary sulcus

Connected via ligamentum arteriosum?

Aortic arch and pulmonary trunk

Divides ventricles on posterior and branch of R coronary artery and middle cardiac vein are located here?

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Carry blood from R ventricle to lungs?

Pulmonary trunk and L & R pulmonary arteries

Carry blood from lungs to L atrium?

Pulmonary veins

Carries blood from cardiac veins to R atrium?

Coronary sinus

Carry blood from head & body to R atrium?

Superior and inferior vena cava

Provide blood for myocardium and branch from ascending aorta?

Coronary arteries

Has 3 major branches and ant. Interventricular branch travels in ant. Interventricular sulcus?

L coronary artery

Has 2 major branches and post. Interventricular branch travels in post. Interventricular sulus?

R coronary artery

Returns blood from the myocardium?

Coronary veins

Blood enters _______ ____, which empties into right atrium

Coronary sinus

The location of this coronary vein is in ant. Interventricular sulus?

Great cardiac vein

The location of this coronary vein is in post. Interventricular sulus ?

Middle cardiac vein

The location of this coronary vein is in the right margin to coronary sulcus?

Small cardiac vein

Separates L and R atria?

Interatrial septum

Separates L and R ventricles?

Interventricular septum

On walls of ventricles?

Papillary muscles

Tendinous cords/heartstrings?

Chordae tendinae

Prevents return of blood to atria?

Atrioventricular valves

Return blood to heart?

Veins

Carry blood away from heart?

Arteries

Flow of blood between heart and lungs?

Pulmonary circuit

Flow of blood between heart and body?

Systemic circuit

R atrium to what?

Tricuspid valve

R ventricle through what?

Pulmonary valve

Lungs to what?

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins to what?

L atrium

L atrium to what?

Bicuspid valve

Bicuspid valve to what?

L ventricle

L ventricle through what?

Aortic valve

Heart rate is what?

Beats/min

Where to locate pulse for HR?

Radial or carotid artery

A complete sequence of contraction and relaxation?

Cardiac cycle

Contraction phase is what?

Systole

Relaxation phase is what?

Diastole

Maximum pressure in arteries during ventricular contraction and pushes blood out into the body?

Systolic BP

Pressure in arteries when ventricles are in filling stage?

Diastole BP

Normal BP is what?

120/80

Blood normally travels in this flow and fastest in center?

Laminar flow

As pressure in cuff drops between SBP and DBP, blood is pushed through compressed walls of arteries in this flow?

Turbulent flow

Vibrations in artery heard via stethoscope?

Sounds of korotkoff

Blood flow in a vessel increases when increasing of what?

Pressure

Blood flow in a vessel decreases with increasing of what?

Resistance

Factors that affect resistance?

Length of vessel, viscosity of blood, and diameter of vessel

Volume of blood pumped per min?

Cardiac output

Resistance to blood flowing through arterioles?

Peripheral resistance

Another name for this high BP is 140/90?

Hypertension

This type of hypertension is short duration and examples are exercise, caffeine, and nicotine?

Acute

This type of hypertension is long duration and its a health concern since it can harm arteries?

Chronic

Low BP and may lead to fainting/dizziness?

Hypotension

Blood BP is influenced by these three things?

Gravity, body position, and exercise

Pressure in arteries of head and neck are what?

Lower

Pressure in arteries of legs are what?

Higher

Pressure when standing is what?

Increases

Pressure when laying down is what?

Decreases

Flaps of tissue in veins, prevent backflow of blood, and passive non-muscular action?

Valves

Damage to veins are caused by what?

Lack of physical activity, hormonal changes, blood clots, and injury

Valve flaps may not meet in middle because of what?

Walls of vein are weaken

Those made of stiffer collagen may be more prone to damage here?

Weak valves