Studied by 2 peopleSupreme Court Cases for the NYS Regents Exam
Marbury v. Madison
Year : 1803
Constitutional Principle : Separation of Powers, The Judiciary
Why is Marbury v. Madison important?
Established Judicial Review
Strengthened Judicial Branch
McCullough v. Maryland
Year : 1819
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power (Supremacy)
Why is McCullough v. Maryland important?
Supports the “elastic clause” to expand Federal Power
Establish “National Supremacy”
Gibbons v. Ogden
Year : 1824
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, Property Rights
Why is Gibbons v. Ogden important?
Strengthens Congress’ power to regulate interstate commerce
National Supremacy
Worcester v. Georgia
Year : 1832
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power, Separation of Power
Why is Worcester v. Georgia important?
US Government treaties are the supreme law
US government has jurisdiction over Cherokees
Jackson did not enforce (Trail of Tears)
Scott v. Sanford
Year : 1857
Constitutional Principle : Equality
Why is Scott v. Sanford important?
Slaves were not citizens but property, and slaves could be taken anywhere
Declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
Year : 1896
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Rights of Minorities, 14th Amendment
Why is Plessy v. Ferguson important?
Justified segregation; separate facilities were legal if they were equal
Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education
Munn v. Illinois
Year : 1877
Constitutional Principle : Property Rights
Why is Munn v. Illinois important?
Allowed states to regulate businesses in the public interest (in this case states could regulate what RR’s charged farmers to haul crops because crops were necessary to the people)
Schenck v. United States
Year : 1919
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
Why is Schenck v. United States important?
Limits freedom of speech
“Clear and present danger” standard to limit speech
Korematsu v. United States
Year : 1944
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, Minority Rights
Why is Korematsu v. United States important?
Ruled that forced relocation of Japanese Americans to camps during WWII was legal
Brown v. Board of Education
Year : 1954
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Minority Rights, 14th Amendment
Why is Brown v. Board of Education important?
Segregation creates inequality and is illegal
Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson
Engle v. Vitale
Year : 1962
Constitutional Principle : School Prayer, 1st Amendment establishment
Why is Engle v. Vitale important?
Court ruled that prayer in school, even voluntary, is unconstitutional
Gideon v. Wainwright
Year : 1963
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 6th and 14th amendments
Why is Gideon v. Wainwright important?
It is a constitutional right to provide legal representation to those who cannot afford it
Miranda v. Arizona
Year : 1966
Constitutional Principle : Criminal Procedures, Civil Liberties, 5th and 14th amendments
Why is Miranda v. Arizona important?
Established the right to remain silent and recieve legal representation before they said something that could be used in court
Loving v. Virginia
Year : 1967
Constitutional Principle : 14th amendment equal protection
Why is Loving v. Virginia important?
Supreme court struck down state restriction on inter-racial marriages
Tinker v. Des Moines School District
Year : 1969
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 1st Amendment
Why is Tinker v. Des Moines important?
Non-verbal communication (symbols) is protected under the 1st amendment
The “school-house gate” cannot limit freedom
Roe v. Wade
Year : 1973
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
Why is Roe v. Wade important?
Ruled that state laws that criminalized abortion were unconstitutional
New Jersey v. TLO
Year : 1985
Constitutional Principle : Search and seizure, 4th amendment
Why is New Jersey v. TLO important?
Court ruled that schools need only reasonable suspicion to search a student’s belongings
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