Essential Supreme Court Cases US History
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Supreme Court Cases for the NYS Regents Exam
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Marbury v. Madison
Year : 1803
Constitutional Principle : Separation of Powers, The Judiciary
Constitutional Principle : Separation of Powers, The Judiciary
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Why is Marbury v. Madison important?
* Established Judicial Review
* Strengthened Judicial Branch
* Strengthened Judicial Branch
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McCullough v. Maryland
Year : 1819
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power (Supremacy)
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power (Supremacy)
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Why is McCullough v. Maryland important?
* Supports the “elastic clause” to expand Federal Power
* Establish “National Supremacy”
* Establish “National Supremacy”
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Gibbons v. Ogden
Year : 1824
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, Property Rights
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, Property Rights
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Why is Gibbons v. Ogden important?
* Strengthens Congress’ power to regulate interstate commerce
* National Supremacy
* National Supremacy
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Worcester v. Georgia
Year : 1832
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power, Separation of Power
Constitutional Principle : Federalism, National Power, Separation of Power
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Why is Worcester v. Georgia important?
* US Government treaties are the supreme law
* US government has jurisdiction over Cherokees
* Jackson did not enforce (Trail of Tears)
* US government has jurisdiction over Cherokees
* Jackson did not enforce (Trail of Tears)
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Scott v. Sanford
Year : 1857
Constitutional Principle : Equality
Constitutional Principle : Equality
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Why is Scott v. Sanford important?
* Slaves were not citizens but property, and slaves could be taken anywhere
* Declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
* Declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Year : 1896
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Rights of Minorities, 14th Amendment
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Rights of Minorities, 14th Amendment
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Why is Plessy v. Ferguson important?
* Justified segregation; separate facilities were legal if they were equal
* Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education
* Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education
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Munn v. Illinois
Year : 1877
Constitutional Principle : Property Rights
Constitutional Principle : Property Rights
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Why is Munn v. Illinois important?
* Allowed states to regulate businesses in the public interest (in this case states could regulate what RR’s charged farmers to haul crops because crops were necessary to the people)
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Schenck v. United States
Year : 1919
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
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Why is Schenck v. United States important?
* Limits freedom of speech
* “Clear and present danger” standard to limit speech
* “Clear and present danger” standard to limit speech
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Korematsu v. United States
Year : 1944
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, Minority Rights
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, Minority Rights
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Why is Korematsu v. United States important?
* Ruled that forced relocation of Japanese Americans to camps during WWII was legal
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Brown v. Board of Education
Year : 1954
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Minority Rights, 14th Amendment
Constitutional Principle : Equality, Minority Rights, 14th Amendment
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Why is Brown v. Board of Education important?
* Segregation creates inequality and is illegal
* Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson
* Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson
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Engle v. Vitale
Year : 1962
Constitutional Principle : School Prayer, 1st Amendment establishment
Constitutional Principle : School Prayer, 1st Amendment establishment
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Why is Engle v. Vitale important?
* Court ruled that prayer in school, even voluntary, is unconstitutional
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Gideon v. Wainwright
Year : 1963
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 6th and 14th amendments
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 6th and 14th amendments
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Why is Gideon v. Wainwright important?
* It is a constitutional right to provide legal representation to those who cannot afford it
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Miranda v. Arizona
Year : 1966
Constitutional Principle : Criminal Procedures, Civil Liberties, 5th and 14th amendments
Constitutional Principle : Criminal Procedures, Civil Liberties, 5th and 14th amendments
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Why is Miranda v. Arizona important?
* Established the right to remain silent and recieve legal representation before they said something that could be used in court
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Loving v. Virginia
Year : 1967
Constitutional Principle : 14th amendment equal protection
Constitutional Principle : 14th amendment equal protection
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Why is Loving v. Virginia important?
* Supreme court struck down state restriction on inter-racial marriages
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Tinker v. Des Moines School District
Year : 1969
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 1st Amendment
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties, 1st Amendment
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Why is Tinker v. Des Moines important?
* Non-verbal communication (symbols) is protected under the 1st amendment
* The “school-house gate” cannot limit freedom
* The “school-house gate” cannot limit freedom
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Roe v. Wade
Year : 1973
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
Constitutional Principle : Civil Liberties
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Why is Roe v. Wade important?
* Ruled that state laws that criminalized abortion were unconstitutional
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New Jersey v. TLO
Year : 1985
Constitutional Principle : Search and seizure, 4th amendment
Constitutional Principle : Search and seizure, 4th amendment
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Why is New Jersey v. TLO important?
* Court ruled that schools need only reasonable suspicion to search a student’s belongings