2.1 Introduction to IP - CompTIA A+ 220-1101

What is the metaphor used to describe data transport in networking?

The metaphor of a moving truck that transports boxes of data across a network.

What protocol is often considered the delivery vehicle for data on a network?

Internet Protocol (IP).

What are the two common transport layer protocols discussed in the lecture?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

What characteristic distinguishes TCP from UDP?

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol offering reliable data delivery, while UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery.

What is multiplexing in the context of networking?

The ability to allow multiple applications to communicate with a server simultaneously.

What does TCP ensure in terms of data delivery that UDP does not?

TCP ensures reliable delivery and has mechanisms for flow control and data reordering.

What is the purpose of a port number in networking?

To identify what application or service on a server should receive the incoming data.

What are ephemeral ports?

Temporary port numbers assigned by an operating system for communication during a session.

What is the common port number for HTTP traffic?

Port 80.

What role does DHCP play in UDP communication?

DHCP uses UDP to assign IP addresses to devices without a need for acknowledgment of data receipt.

How does TCP handle missing packets during data transmission?

TCP can identify missing packets and request retransmission from the sender.

What is the significance of well-known port numbers?

They simplify the process of connecting applications, ensuring that devices know where to send data.

What is the function of the source and destination IP addresses in a client-server communication?

They identify the originating device and the target server for the data being transmitted.

In a networking context, what does an Ethernet payload carry?

It carries the actual data being transferred, encapsulated within Ethernet frames.

What does a server with multiple services utilize to manage incoming traffic correctly?

Unique port numbers for each service to differentiate and direct incoming data.

What is a network protocol?

A set of rules that govern data communication over a network.

What does OSI stand for in networking?

Open Systems Interconnection.

What layer of the OSI model does IP operate at?

Layer 3, the Network Layer.

What is the primary function of the Application Layer in the OSI model?

To provide network services to end-user applications.

What is bandwidth in networking?

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network path.

What is latency?

The time delay experienced in data transmission over a network.

What is a subnet mask?

A 32-bit number that divides an IP address into network and host portions.

What is NAT?

Network Address Translation, a method for remapping one IP address space into another.

What is a VPN?

Virtual Private Network, a secure connection between a user and a network.

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

What is the function of a router in networking?

To forward data packets between different networks, directing traffic.

What is a modem?

A device that modulates and demodulates signals for data transmission over telephone lines.

What is an IP address?

A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network.

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space, allowing for more addresses.

What does SSL stand for?

Secure Sockets Layer, a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link.

What is a firewall?

A network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

What is a LAN?

Local Area Network, a network that connects computers within a limited geographical area.

What is a WAN?

Wide Area Network, a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area.

What is the role of DNS in networking?

Domain Name System, it translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

What is packet switching?

A method of transmitting data in small packets independently across a network.