ap psych study guide - unit 7: lesson 7.1 pt 1 - encoding memories

unit 7: lesson 7.1 pt 1 - encoding memories

Effortful Processing

type of memory encoding that requires active work and attention to embed information into long-term memory

• Actively focusing on and thinking about the material

Automatic Processing

the unconscious encoding of information about space, time, frequency, and well-learned tasks

• Information is processed automatically without deliberate attention

Levels of Processing Model

proposes that the depth at which information is thought about affects how well it is remembered

• This model argues that the deeper the processing, the more connections are made within the brain, thereby enhancing the likelihood of recalling information later

Shallow Encoding

a basic level of processing that focuses on surface characteristics of information, such as the sound or appearance of words, without engaging with its meaning

• Involves Minimal Attention: Relies on repetition or simple recognition

• Leads to Fragile Memories: Results in memories that are less likely to be retained over time

Structural

type of shallow processing that focuses on the physical structure of information

Phonemic

shallow processing that focuses on the auditory aspects of information

Deep Encoding

involves thoroughly processing information by focusing on its meaning and connecting it to existing knowledge. This type of encoding:

• Analyzes the significance and implications of information

• Creates durable and easily retrievable memories