The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology Chapter 4 Vocab Part 2

Backstage

the places where we rehearse and prepare for our performances

Frontstage

the places where we deliver our performances to an audience of others

Social Construction

the process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists

Cooling the Mark Out

behaviors that help others save face or avoid embarrassment, often referred to as civility or tact

Agents of Socialization

social groups, institutions, and individuals (especially the family, schools, peers, and the media) that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place

Hidden Curriculum

values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling

Resocialization

the process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as part of a transition in life

Total Institutions

institutions in which individuals are cut off from the rest of society so that they can be controlled and regulated for the purpose of systematically stripping away previous roles and identities in order to create new ones

Status

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

Ascribed Status

a status that is inborn; usually difficult or impossible to change

Embodied Status

a status generated by physical characteristics

Achieved Status

a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others

Master Status

a status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess

Stereotyping

judging others based on preconceived generalizations about groups or categories of people

Role

the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status

Role Conflict

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

Role Strain

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

Role Exit

the process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy

Role-Taking Emotions

emotions such as sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or group and respond accordingly

Feeling Rules

norms regarding the expression and display of emotions; expectations about the acceptable or desirable feelings in a given situation

Emotional Labor

the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion

Copresence

face-to-face interaction or being in the presence of others

Saturated Self

a postmodern idea that the self is now developed by multiple influences chosen from a wide range of media sources

Agency

the ability of the individual to act freely and independently