INTERPHASE

interphase

cell growth, the cell spends the longest time in interphase (except for embryos), and chromosomes are uncondensed chromatin

interphase phases

G1, S phase, G2

G1

cell increases in size, organelles duplicated, proteins for S phase (dna replication) are translated

S phase

synthesize DNA, DNA is replicated, centrosomes are replicated

chromosomes

linear segments of DNA

centromere

connects identical DNA strands, a region

centriole

complex cylinders of tubulin at the center of a centrosome

G2

more growth, preparation for M phase, last minute DNA repairs

G1 checkpoint

between G1 and S, checks for size, nutrients, DNA integrity, and cell signals, if check is failed, the cell enters G0 until it passes the check

if the cell fails G1 checkpoint

the cell enters G0 and stays until it passes the check

G2 checkpoint

checks for dna synthesis and dna damage, if DNA cannot be repaired then apoptosis