Electrons Vocabulary and Concept Review - Unit 3 Chemistry

Wavelength

Shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave.

s

contains one orbital; sphere shaped

Hund's Rule

States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Aufbau Principle

States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

Pauli Exclusion Principle

States that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital

Electronmagnetic spectrum

Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation; arranged by wavelength

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a given point per second.

Planck's Constant

6.626 x 10^-34; used to calculate energy

Quantum

the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

Photon

a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy; a beam of energy

p

contains three orbitals; dumbell shaped

d

contains five orbitals

f

contains seven orbitals

gamma rays

wave that has the highest frequencies, shortest wavelengths, and highest energy; used to kill cancer cells

microwaves

used in ovens, cell phone towers, and radar

radio waves

type of wave used for broadcasting information and communication; has the lowest frequencies, longest wavelengths, and lowest energy

ultraviolet

waves that help your body activated vitamin D; also cause skin cancer

visible light

the only part of the spectrum that the human eye can see

infrared

used in devices such as heat lamps, remote controls, and night vision goggles

inverse

relationship between wavelength and frequency; relationship between energy and and wavelength

direct

relationship between energy and frequency

speed of light

3.00 x 10^8 m/s

Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

used to determine electron transitions

emit light

when electrons fall from higher energy levels to lower energy levels, they....

absorb energy

when electrons jump to higher energy levels from lower energy levels, they....

Hertz (Hz)

unit for frequency

Meter (m)

unit for wavelength

Joule (J)

unit for energy

energy level 2

electrons that give off visible light, all fall to.....