Muslim Leaders

Zengi- relations with crusader states

Edessa:

-1144, Joscelin left Edessa vulnerable- laid siege with tunnels and siege towers, 3 days citadel taken.

Tripoli:

-1137 secures Barin fortress on border and captured Raymond II

Antioch:

-conflict between Joscelin and Raymond meant they don't support Edessa.

Zengi- relations with Muslim states

Damascus:

-1138, took control of Homs from Damascus

-1140, atabeg alliance with Franks against Zengi.

Mosul:

-governor of Mosul

Aleppo:

-1128 control

-1135 surrounding fortresses captured.

Zengi- Muslim aims

aimed to unite N. Syria

Fatamids:

-1130 possessed Hama

Artuquids:

-Limited his control of Aleppo and Mosul

-alliance with Joscelin II of Edessa

Baalbek

-1139 siege control of Baalbek, damaged popularity.

Zengi- Jihad

-justified Holy War through diplomatic expansion

-but died whilst drunk

-1138 attempt to attack Shaizar, failed.

Nurredin-relations with crusader states

2nd Crusade:

-1149 Battle of Inab formed alliance with Turks and Damascenes.

-took Damascus and N. Syria

Consolidated power:

-1157 repelled Frankish attack Shaizar

-1159 alliance with Manuel

-1164 defeated Franks at Harim-captured key leaders

Nurredin- Muslims

1146 formed alliance with Rum

1149 Battle of Inab, Nur linked with Turks and Damascus- captured Antiochene nobility.

-over a 10 year period he captured Mosul, Baalbeck and Artah.

Nurredin

-puts family members in key positions, continues idea of Jihad but not his main goal.

-wants to unite Syria under him.

Saladin- Crusader states

1177:

-B IV gave army to Raymond.

1180:

-Saladin agrees to truce with B IV, Raymond disrupts this.

1185:

-made permanent peace with Mosul after failed to draw out invading force.

BATTLE OF HATTIN:

-Took key members of nobility as prisoners.

1187- fall of Jerusalem.

Saladin- Muslims

1188-90 used consolidation tactics

e.g. South of Antioch

isolated castles e.g., Kerak 1188.

-1149 Inab- Turks and Damascenes

-1164 Hattin

Saladin- Jihad

-Framed Battle of Hattin as part of holy war to reclaim Jerusalem.

-often delivered speeches emphasizing the importance of Jihad.

-carried Qur'an into battle.