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Bio/Trace Quiz 2
Bio/Trace Quiz 2
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87 Terms
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1
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What type of paint analysis would tend to give the highest evidential value
physical fit
2
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What 3 types of glands found on the skin which can contribute to latent fingermark residue
Eccrine, Sebaceous, Apocrine
3
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Forensic Palynology
spores and pollen
4
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Soil profile
a vertical section through a soil showing the multiple horizontal layers
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What is an advantage of visual examination of fingermarks
non-destructive
6
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Fluorescence
absorbs light of a specific wavelength and emits light at a longer wavelength
7
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What treatment is best for wet exhibits
physical developer
8
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inorganic component of GSR
lead, barium, antimony, copper and iron
9
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Ninhydrin colour results
Ruhemann’s purple
10
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Triangle of Interaction
Environment, surface and fingermark composition
11
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Physical properties of glass
refractive index and density
12
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The particular behaviour of the projectile when it meets its target/body
Terminal balistics
13
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Forensic ecology
recovery and analysis of plants from a crime scene
14
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Trichomes
used for plant identification
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Photoliths
silica bodies found in plant tissues and vary with species
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Palynology
study of pollen
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Pollen
has resilient coat (exine) making it resistant to chemical degradation and produced by conifer and angiosperms
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Entomophilous
insect-pollinated species
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Anemophilous
wind-pollinated species
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Hydrophilous
underwater-pollinated species
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Types of pollen
pine, willow and dandelion
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Pollen sampling
small pinch samples should be taken off the surface soil and stored in an airtight container
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Soil
composed of minerals and eroded bits of rock
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Soil classification
colour, texture, composition and pH
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Diatoms
unicellular algae found in marina and fresh water made of crystallised silica
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Basic soil analysis
sieving soil into fractions, different particle sizes will embed into different layers (dry and wet)
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Fingermarks
traces left unknowingly by a person on an object (visible, plastic ,latent)
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Fingerprint
record or comparison print taken for identification, exclusion or database purposes (loops, arches and whorls)
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Loops
60-65% curves around and exits the same side
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Whorls
30-35% central pocket loop
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Arches
5%
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Latent fingermarks
can’t be seen with the naked eye; made from body oil, grease and water
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Visible fingermarks
an appropriate substance is transferred by the fingertips onto a suitable surface
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Plastic fingermarks
reasonably visible to the naked eye
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Visualisation and enhancement
to enhance ridge detail and improve chance of identification
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Non-porous substrates
Type of surface that doesn't allow liquids or gases to pass through, such as glass or metal.
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Semi-porous substrates
Type of surface that allows some but not all liquids to penetrate. Examples include wood, concrete, and some types of stone.
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Porous substrates
Material with small holes or spaces that allow liquids or gases to pass through. Common examples include sponges, filter paper,
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Henry system
ten-print classification system
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Ninhydrin/DFO
used to reveal prints by reacting with amino acids and amine groups
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Physical developer
silver-based aqueous reagent that targets sebaceous components
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Superglue (cyanoacrylate) fuming
vapour polymerises on latent fingermarks and white deposit produced
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Ballistics
study of projectile and factors affecting them
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Gunshot residue (GSR)
a heterogenous cloud of finely divided particles
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Internal ballistics
event occurring from ignition to gun barrel
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Intermediate ballistics
when projectile leaves muzzle to pressure behind it (muzzle flash, sound)
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External ballistics
flight of bullet before it strikes target
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Individual characteristics of guns
same weapons bullets, same marks
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Range of firing
distance from target and shooter
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Lubricants
smoothen movement of projectile
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Organic GSR (OGSR)
bases (nitrocellulose, lubricants)
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Barrel temperature
200-300 degrees
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GSR deposition
found on the hand and body of the shooter
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GSR qualitative analysis
colour tests. destructive, large amounts required and unreliable
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GSR quantitive analysis
instrument techniques
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Contact shot
muzzle imprint can be used to identify shape of barrel and gun
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Close range shot
GSR found around central wound , dirt ring formed from grease
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Intermediate range shot
Tattooing, depositing of GSR particles under skin of victims
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Distance range shot
mistaken for exit wound
60
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Documents class characteristics
writing features common to group or language
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Document individual characteristics
letters depart from usual copybook form
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Copybook form
the standard
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Ballpoint pen mechanism
glycol based; ball-in housing which is attached to an ink chamber
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Gel pen mechanism
water based; pigments rather than dyes
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Ink gooping
deposition on paper of blob of accumulated ink from a ballpoint pen
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Paper
made of cellulose fibres with addition of other components such as binders and optical brighteners
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Glass
class of hard brittle materials that are manufactured by cooling melts, consists of silica and other oxides
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Annealing
slowly and evenly cooling glass down to normal temperature to stop internal stresses
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Annealed glass
simplest form of glass
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Toughened glass
resistant to breakage and produces large shards
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Fully tempered glass
resistant to breakage and produces small shards
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Laminated glass
sandwiched in plastic
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Micrometre
use to measure thickness of glass to a high degree
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Mohs scale
indicates substances hardness relative to other substances
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Compression
pushing down of force
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Shear
move in opposite directions
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Tensile
a pulling force
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Loaded side
side of glass that experiences compression forms tensile strains
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Unloaded side
experiences tensile force and forms compression strains
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Radial cracks
develop on the exit side
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Concentric cracks
form circular patterns and develop on entrance side
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Rib marks
come from point of entry and curve away
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Refractive index
how the light bends as it enters the glass
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Paint
composed of additives, pigments, solvents and binders
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collection of paint evidence
suitably sized and separate container
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When was MIRSAP introduced
2005
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