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A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering Archaeplastida (red/green algae and plants), plastid origins, key green algae groups, Charophyte relationships, Unikonta, Amoebozoans, slime molds, Entamoebas, and Opisthokonts.
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Which groups comprise Archaeplastida?
Red algae, green algae, and land plants.
How did plastids arise in Archaeplastida?
Through primary endosymbiosis: a heterotrophic protist engulfed a cyanobacterium.
What pigment gives red algae their color and deep-water advantage?
Phycoerythrin.
Do red algae have flagellated gametes?
No; fertilization depends on water currents.
Name three economic uses of red algae.
Nori (sushi), agar, carrageenan.
What does Viridiplantae refer to?
A proposed plant kingdom including green algae and land plants.
What are the two main green algae groups?
Chlorophytes and Charophytes.
Which green algae group is most closely related to land plants?
Charophytes.
Name a unicellular chlorophyte model organism.
Chlamydomonas.
What colonial chlorophyte shows early multicellularity?
Volvox.
What is Ulva (sea lettuce) notable for?
A multicellular green alga with a leaf-like body; blades and holdfast; edible.
Charophytes: why are they called 'true plant sisters'?
They are the protists most closely related to land plants and share cell-wall proteins and protective zygotes.
What is the significance of Charophytes in plant evolution?
Direct ancestors of land plants.
What is the Archaeplastida foundation statement?
Archaeplastida is the foundation of plant evolution.
What are the two major clades of Unikonta?
Amoebozoans and Opisthokonts.
What are Amoebozoans known for in movement and feeding?
Moving and feeding with pseudopodia (extensions of cytoplasm).
What are slime molds and how were they reclassified?
Two main types: plasmodial and cellular; formerly classified as fungi but now recognized as Amoebozoans.
What behavior are plasmodial slime molds famous for?
Collective behavior such as maze-solving and efficient nutrient pathfinding.
Describe plasmodial slime molds.
Large multinucleate masses (plasmodia) that move by streaming cytoplasm and feed on decaying matter.
Describe cellular slime mold life cycle when food is scarce.
Solitary amoebas aggregate into a multicellular-like fruiting body that produces spores.
What is Entamoeba histolytica and what disease does it cause?
A parasitic amoebozoan that causes amoebic dysentery.
What defines Opisthokonts in terms of flagella?
Animals, fungi, and related protists; typically have a single posterior flagellum in some cells.
Who are the closest protist relatives of animals?
Choanoflagellates.