Hole's Essential Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5 - Tissues

What are the four major tissue types?

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Epithelial Tissue

forms protective coverings and function in secretion and absorption. They lack blood vessels and readily divide.

Connective Tissue

supports soft body parts and binds structures together

Muscle

produce body movements

Nervous

conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

Squamous

composed of thin, flattened cells

Cuboidal

cube shaped cells

Columnar

elongated cells

Simple

epithelium composed of single layers

Stratified

epithelium with two or more layers

Simple Squamous Epithelium

The cells fit tightly together, somewhat like floor tiles. Their nuclei are usually broad and thin. They line air sacs (alveoli), line the insides of blood and lymph vessels

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Covers ovaries and lines most of the kidney tubules. In the kidneys it functions in secretion and absorption; in glands, it secretes glandular products.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Protection, secretion, movement of mucus. found in linings of respiratory passages

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Outer layer of skin & linings of oral cavity, throat, vagina & anal cavities

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

linings of duct of mammary, sweat, salivary glands and pancreas

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

part of the male urethra & linings

Transitional Epithelium

inner lining of urinary bladder & linings of ureters & part of urethra

Glandular Epithelium

salivary, sweat, endocrine glands

Extracellular matrix

Composed of protein fibers and a ground substance consisting of non fibrous protein and other molecules and fluid

Fibroblasts

responds rapidly to injuries, helps repair tissues that have limited abilities to regenerate. They form scar tissue where heart attack occurs

Macrophages

carry on phagocytosis

Mast Cells

Secrete heparin and histamine

Collagen fibers

hold structures together with great tensile strength

reticular fibers

lend delicate support

Ground substance

fills spaces around cells and fibers

Areolar Tissue

Binds organs. Beneath skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues

Adipose tissue

protects, insulates & stores fat. beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on surface of heart

reticular connective tissue

found in walls of liver and spleen

dense connective tissue

binds organs. found in tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin

Hyaline cartilage

supports, protects, provides framework. found on ends of bones, nose, rings in the walls of respiratory passages

Elastic cartilage

supports, protects, provides flexible framework. found in framework of external ear & parts of larynx

Fibrocartilage

supports, protects, absorbs shock. Found between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee

Bone

supports, protects, provides framework

Blood

Transports substances, helps maintain stable internal environment

Muscle tissues

Their elongated cells can shorten and thicken.

Skeletal tissues

forms muscles that usually attach to bones and is voluntary muscle tissue. Has striations. Approximately 40% of the body is skeletal muscle.

Cardiac

Only in the heart. Its cells are striated and branched. It is a smooth muscle controlled involuntarily

Neurons

basic cells in nervous tissues

Neuroglia

part of nervous tissue. They support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry phagocytosis and help supply growth factors and nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.

smooth muscle tissue

involuntary movements of internal organs. Found in walls of hollow internal organs

nervous tissue

sensory reception & conduction of electrical impulses. Found in brain, spinal cord, & peripheral nerves