Honors Chem. Unit 1 Test

anything that has mass and takes up space

matter

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

atom

the mass per unit volume of a substance

density

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simple substances and is made of one type of atom

element

a substance that can be broken down in simple substances and it is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded

compound

depend upon the amount of the substances present

extensive property

examples of the extensive property

mass, volume, energy

independent of the amount of the substance that is present

intensive property

examples of the intensive property

mass, volume, energy, etc.

the characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition; characteristics that are directly observable

physical property

changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance

physical change

examples of physical change

changes of state, temperature, volume

a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances

chemical property

examples of the chemical property

flammability, rusting of steel, and the digestion of food

changes that result in new substances. the substances that react are reactants and those formed are products

chemical change

examples of chemical change

combustion, oxidation, decomposition

the physical process where matter moves from one state to another

change of state

examples of change of state

melting, evaporating, boiling, feezing

matter with definite volume and shape

solid

matter with definite volume but indefinite shape

liquid

matter that has neither definite volume nor definite shape

gas

every sample has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition; are elements or compounds, if compounds then they are broken down by chemical decomposition

pure substance

two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. the substances in a mixture retain their individual properties

mixture

mixtures that are uniform, cannot tell the components apart

homogeneous mixtures

mixtures where the components of the mixture are not uniform, or have localized regions with different properties

heterogeneous mixtures

coffee with sugar and milk

example of a homogeneous mixture

oil with water

example of a heterogeneous mixture

a process where a set of substances undergo a chemical change to form a different substance

chemical reaction

how close a measure value is to the actual/true value

accuracy

how close the measured values are to each other

precision

what are the basic building blocks of matter?

atoms

are changes of state physical or chemical changes?

physical

kilo =

1 or 1000

deci =

10

centi =

100

milli =

1000

(p or c?) aluminum has a silvery color

physical

(p or c?) gold has a density of 19 g/cm^3

chemical

(p or c?) sodium ignites when dropped in water

chemical

(p or c?) silver tarnishes

chemical

(p or c?) water boils at 100 C

physical

(p or c?) mercury is a liquid at room temperature

physical

(p or c?) a piece of wood is sawed in half

physical

(p or c?) milk turns sour

chemical

(p or c?) dissolving salt in water

physical

(p or c?) a newspaper yellowing from the sun

chemical

(p or c?) iron rusting

chemical

(p or c?) water freezing

physical

air (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

compound

carbon monoxide (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

compound

zinc (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

element

sugar (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

homogeneous mixture

salt water (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

homogeneous mixture

fruit salad (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

heterogeneous mixture

seawater- salt, water, and sand (compound, heterogenous/homogeneous mixture, element?)

heterogeneous mixture

devise a way to separate sand from a mixture of sand, sugar, and water

add water and use filtration to separate sand from salt water and then use distillation to separate salt from water

calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid weighs 65.14 g

1.84 g/mL

A rectangular block of copper metal weigh 1896 g. The dimensions of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6. From this data, what is the density of copper?

8.922 g/mL

What volume of silver metal will weigh exactly 2500.0 g. The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm^3.

283 cm^3

A 28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.1 mL mark. From this information, calculate the density of iron.

7.92 g/mL

write in scientific notation: 0.00987

9.87 x 10^3

write in scientific notation: 12333

1.2333 x 10^4

write in scientific notation: 10.001

1.0001 x 10^-1

write in scientific notation: 310000

3.1 x 10^5

write in scientific notation: 0.0004900

4.9 x 10^-4

write in scientific notation:

9.003 x 10^-3

0.009003

write in scientific notation: 8.002 x 10^4

80020

determine the number of significant figures: 43.13

4

determine the number of significant figures: 0.00055

2

determine the number of significant figures: 30

1

determine the number of significant figures: 30040

4

determine the number of significant figures: 0.663

3

determine the number of significant figures: 20.050

5

determine the number of significant figures: 1500.

4

determine the number of significant figures: .00008

1

round to 5 significant figures: 192.6739

192.67

round to 2 significant figures: 786.9164

787

round to 6 significant figures: 389,277,600

389,278,000

round to 3 significant figures: 5,487,129

5,490,000