Unit 5: The Integumentary System

membranes

these cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs

epithelial

this group of membranes contains cutaneous, mucous, and serous

connective

this group of membranes includes synovial

cutaneous membrane

outermost membrane, protects all underlying organs

mucous membrane

membrane that makes mucus, lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body, and prevents membranes from drying out

mucous membrane

this membrane is found in the mouth, nose, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

serous membrane

membrane that covers body cavities that do not open to the outside

serous fluid

what type of fluid allows organs to slide by each other without friction?

parietal

outer

visceral

inner

pleura

serous fluid around the lungs

pericardium

serous fluid around the heart

peritoneum

serous fluid around other internal organs

synovial

membrane that lines the joints

synovial fluid

what type of fluid is in the joint cavity?

skin

what is the largest organ in the body?

protective covering, aids in the regulation of body temp, slows down water loss from underlying tissues, excretes waste

what are the functions of the skin?

epidermis

the outer layer of the skin

stratified squamous epithelium

what kind of tissue is the epidermis made of?

avascular

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

epidermis

what layer of skin is capable of keratinizing?

dermis

the inner, thicker layer of skin

connective tissue

what type of tissue is the dermis mostly made of?

subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

the additional layer beneath the dermis

adipose tissue

what type of tissue is the hypodermis made of?

anchor skin to underlying organs, shock absorber & insulator

what are the main functions of the hypodermis?

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

what are the 5 zones of the epidermis?

keratinocytes

keratin cells

stratum basale

layer of the epidermis where cells are alive and nourished by blood vessels in the dermis and are dividing

stratum spinosum

2nd layer up where daughter cells land

granulosum

middle layer of the epidermis that is the first layer of completely dead cells, keratin accumulating

stratum lucidum

layer of epidermis that is on the palms and soles of feet only

stratum corneum

outermost layer, full of keratin, 20-30 layers of dead cells

every 25-45 days

how often do we have a “new” epidermis?

melanin

type of pigmented protein made in the stratum basale by specialized cells

melanocytes

cells that make melanin

epidermis

What is A?

dermis

What is B?

hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

What is C?

eccrine sweat gland

What is D?

hair follicle

What is J?

sebaceous gland

What is K?

arrector pili muscle

What is M?

hair

What is N?

eccrine sweat pore

What is O?

papillary layer

the layer of the dermis that contains dermal papillae

fingerprints

dermal papillae that are arranged in a pattern, genetically determined, and indent the epidermis

oil

what do fingerprints leave behind due to lots of sweat pores?

reticular layer

what is the deepest skin layer that contains blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles, and muscles?

collagen

what makes the dermis tough?

wrinkles

as collagen and elastin decrease with age, this causes…

blood vessels

These play an important role in maintaining body temperature…

swell

when the body temp increases the blood vessels do what?

constrict

when the body temp decreases, the blood vessels do what?

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

what 3 factors determine skin color all the time?

erythma

blushing/red color

pallor/blanching

ill, anemic, scared/white color

jaundice

yellowing

hematoma

bruise

sebaceous gland

glands whose ducts empty into hair follicles

sebum

what do sebaceous glands produce?

sweat

sudor means…

sweat glands

glands that look like a coiled ball

eccrine sweat glands

glands that are activated by elevated body temp

pores/directly out of the skin

where do eccrine sweat glands exit?

apocrine sweat glands

glands that are activated when a person is emotionally upset and at the onset of puberty, empty into hair follicle

armpits and groin

where are apocrine sweat glands located?

follicle

a pouch where hair grows from within the dermis

root

hair enclosed in the follicle

dead epidermal cells

what is hair?

hair shaft

older cells that have been pushed to the surface, become keratinized, and die, making the…

medulla

core of hair

cortex

middle layer of hair

cuticle

outer layer of hair

genes

what determines your personal hair color?

darker

if you produce more melanin, your hair will be…

lighter

if you produce less melanin, your hair will be…

white

if you produce no pigment, your hair will be…

arrector pili muscle

smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle

nails

these contain more keratin than your hair and skin and grow from the stratum basale

lunula

whitish, half moon region on your nail, most active grownng region

cyanotic

blue fingernails/toenails are…

athlete’s foot

fungal infection of the feet

boils and carbuncles

inflammation of a hair follicle (or follicles)

cold sores

blisters caused by herpes virus

contact dermatitis

redness, swelling, caused by exposure to chemicals

impetigo

lesions caused by staph infections

psoriasis

overproduction of skin cells results in red lesions covered by scales

burn

tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, chemicals

intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, chemicals

what are the 4 ways to get a burn?

1st degree burn

burn where only the epidermis is damaged: red, painful, dry (no blisters), generally heals in 2-3 days

2nd degree burn

burn where there is damage to the epidermis and upper regions of the dermis, red, painful, and blisters

3rd degree burn

burn that destroys the entire thickness of the skin, nerve endings are destroyed and regeneration is not possible

neoplasm

another word for tumor

benign

noncancerous

malignant

cancerous

skin cancer

what is the most common type of cancer?

skin cancer

overexposure to UV rays, chemicals, and physical trauma are the causes of what?

basal cell carcinoma

the type of cancer that is the least malignant, most common, occurs in the stratum basale, and appears as a shiny dome nodule

squamous cell carcinoma

cancer that arises from the stratum spinosum, is scaly and a reddened elevation, is common on the scalp, ears, back of hands, and lower lip