ap world quiz box notes 30-44 quiz 8

Napoleonic Wars

Wars which continued the French Revolution (which brought Enlightenment ideas to Latin America). During this time

The Haitian Revolution

Revolution which consisted of the free Black population and white colonists fighting over trade in the area. The Black population overthrew the colonists and established their own nation. It inspired other revolutions in the world and convinced Napoleon that maintaining colonies in the New World was too difficult.

The Monroe Doctrine

Announced to the rest of the world that the US had a special interest in the Western Hemisphere.

Military dictators

These leaders and unstable governments flourished during the 19th century.

Monoculture

System where countries specialized in single cash crops for export.

Caudillos

Powerful military leaders or political bosses who ruled Mexico and other countries.

“Blood and Iron”

Policy followed by Otto von Bismarck

Kaiser

Title for the Prussian king (emperor) of all Germany.

Czars

Title for Russian rulers

Serfs

Made up the majority of Russians

Nationalism

Had an effect on Russia’s conservative rulers

Russification

Adopted by czars

Pogroms

Attacks on Jewish areas which caused many Jews to emigrate.

“The Sick Man of Europe”

Nickname for the declining Ottoman Empire (which was accelerated by nationalism).

Congress of Berlin

Meeting of the European powers in 1878 to resolve the problem of the conflicts in Europe (Slavic peoples in the Balkans rebelling against Turkish rule

Ausgleich

Compromise in 1867

Saint Domingue

Former name of the island of Haiti

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Wanted Haiti to become a country of free self-governing blacks

Jose de San Martin

Worked to liberate Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule in the years 1816-1818.

Simon Bolivar

Defeated Spanish forces between 1818 and 1825

James Monroe

US President who declared that the US would oppose any attempt by European powers to establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere or to reconquer former colonies.

Miguel Hidalgo

Called for Mexico’s independence from Spain (the unfurling of the flag of the Virgin of Guadalupe) but was shortly killed.

Virgin of Guadalupe

Flag which symbolized Mexico’s independence from Spain.

Jose Maria Morelos

Carried on the fight for Mexico’s independence

Agustin Iturbide

Conservative colonel who overthrew Spanish rule in 1821

Benito Juarez

Mexican leader who led the liberal upper class into wanting their societies to be more like the US.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist who called for unification.

Camillo di Cavour

Became Prime Minister of Piedmont (northern Italian kingdom) in 1852

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian nationalist in the South

Otto von Bismarck

Prime Minister who utilized the policy of Blood and Iron

Alexander II

Russian Czar who ordered the serfs freed in 1861 following a series of wars against the Ottoman Empire. Was soon assassinated