Mental Disorders Exam 4

Schizophrenia

Broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions

ADHD

Pattern of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity

Three subtypes of ADHD

Predominantly, Hyperactive, Combined

Causes of ADHD

Biological: Genetic contributions, neurobiological correlations, and the role of toxins

Psychosocial: Peer rejection and low self-esteem

Treatments for ADHD

Biological: Reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity, improve attention. Stimulant medications

Behavioral/Combined: Reinforcement programs, CBT(Adults)

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Pervasive difficulties with language, socialization, and cognition

4 previously separate diagnoses

Asburger’s, Rett, Autistic, and Disintegrative

ASD: 2 main areas of impairment

Communication and social interaction. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities

Impairment in social communication and interaction

Failure to develop appropriate social relationships

Joint attachment

Follow someones gaze to where there looking

Treatment for ASD

Psychosocial: Skill building in communication and socialization, reducing problem behaviors, and naturalistic teaching strategies

Intellectual Disabilities

Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that occur during the developmental period

Causes of Intellectual Disabilities

Genetic and Chromosome disorder: Multiple genetic mutations, chromosomal disorder

Cultural Intellectual disability: Abuse and neglect, social deprivation

Treatments for Intellectual Disabilities

Basic self-care skills, social skills, and practical skills

O’Connor vs. Donaldson

Committed to having the diagnosis, not for being dangerous. A non-dangerous person cannot be involuntarily committed

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving people with severe mental illnesses from large, isolated state hospitals into community-based settings

Transinstitutionlization

The process of moving a person from one type of institutional facility, such as a psychiatric facility or developmental center, to another facility/institution that is not their home, such as a prison.

Criminal Commitment

Accused of committing a crime and detained in a mental health facility.

The insanity defense

Accused not guilty because of insanity at time of the crime

M’Naghten rule

Inability to distinguish right from wrong

Durham Rule

Crime was the product of a mental disease or a mental defect

American Law Institute Standard

Knowledge of right v s wrong, self-control, and self-diminished

John Hinckley Jr.

Attempted to kill Reagan, granted insanity defense, ALI Defense

Tarasoff vs. Regents, Thompson vs. County of Alameda

Must worn individual in danger

Wyatt vs. Stickney

Cannot be involuntarily committed without treatment

Mental health as a legal concept

Defined as a severe emotional or thought disturbance that impacts health and safety

Police Power

Person of authority can step in

Parens Patriae

State/county is a person’s parent

Schizophrenia Positive Symptom Cluster

Active manifestations of abnormal behavior. Distortions or exaggerations of normal behavior. Delusions and hallucinations

Delusions

Strong, inaccurate beliefs that persist in the face of evidence to the contrary

Delusions of grandeur

I am more grand than everyone else

Delusions of persecution

People are out to get me

Hallucinations

Experience of sensory events without sensory input

Schizophrenia negative symptom cluster

Absence of insufficiency of normal behavior

Avolition

Apathy, Inability to intake and persist

Alogia

Absence of speech

Annedonia

Lack of pleasure

Asociality

Lack on interest in social interactions

Affective flattening

Little expressed emotion when expected

Disorganized Schizophrenia Cluster

Erratic speech and emotions, cognitive slippage, tangibility, loose associations, inappropriate affect, and disorganized behavior

Cognitive slippage

Speech is incoherent

Tangentaility

Jumping from topic to topic

Loose associations

Convo doesn’t flow or make sense

Schizophreniform disorder

Positive psychotic symptoms lasting between 1 and 6 months

Schizoaffective disorder

Symptoms of schizophrenia and additional experience of a major mood disorder

Delusional disorder

Delusions that are contrary to reality

Erotomania

Someone is in love/attracted to you

Grandiose

Better than everyone

Jealous

Significant other is cheating on you

Somatic

Belief about the body

Catatonia

Unusual motor responses, practically immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms

Developmental Psychopathology

Study of how disorders arise and change with time