Petals, Saariaho

sonority melody harmony

2 types of sonority

acoustic

electronic

aocustic sonority

wide variety of playing techniques

extreme dynamics

Playing techniques used in Petals

• arco. pizz concurrently

• sul ponticello, sul tasto

• bow pressure

• vibrato and trills

arco and pizz WL

Sequenza for violin, Berio - wide variety of techniques

changing techniques WL

Pag 24

bow pressure WL

Nympheas, Saariaho - The Noise

estremamente flautando WL

Vox Balaenae, George Crumb

vib / trills WL

Threnody for the victims of Hiroshima, Penderecki

extreme dynamics WL

Symphony No.8, Mahler - achieved through numbers not techniques

electronic sonority

reverb

harmoniser

reverb WL

Gesang der junlinge, Stockhausen

harmoniser WL

Hide and Seek, Heap - vocoder

WELL, Collier

Tempo

A:

no tempo/rhythm

aleatoric

B:

more prescriptive

no tempo/rhythm WL

Threnody, Penderecki - uses number of secs per bar

aleatoric WL

3 Dances for prepared piano, Cage

Melody

microtonal scales

gliss

sequence

theme and variation

microtonal scales WL

Gesang der junglinge, Stockhausen - used 6 different types of scales

gliss WL

Sequenza for cello, Berio

sequence WL

Music for a While, Purcell - for emphasis

theme and variation WL

Young Person’s Guide, Britten

Harmony

pedal

dyads

drone

chordoids

harmony is horizontal

pedal WL

Movt. 3 Winter - Viv

horizontal harmony

Sequenza No. 1, Berio

Structure

bi partite

contrast

combining A+B

bi partite WL

Gesang der junlinge, Stockhausen

contrast in sections WL

3 Dances for prepared piano, Cage - microcosmic

combining elements of A+B WL

On Wenlock Edge, VW

rhythm

pulseless

dectuplets

sustained trills

e.g where pulselessness used

lento section

why is pulselessness used?

contrast with more rhythmic sections

What was the first piece to use proprtional notation?

Sequenza No. 1, Berio

Why are dectuplets used?

virtuosic vi

virtuosic WL

Pag 24

e.g sustained trill

beginning

Why is a sustained trill used?

tension

sustained trill WL

Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima, Penderecki

Dies Irae, Verdi

tonality

atonal

pedal

Why is it atonal?

spectralism

colouristic

atonal spectralism WL

Gesang der Junlinge, Stockhausen

What pedal is used?

C

Why is a C pedal used?

tonal anchor

harmonic series in C us

use of harmonic series WL

Gesang der Junlinge

texture

monophony

pedal/trills

double stopping

‘noise to tone’

Where is monophony used?

staves 1-3

Why is monophony used?

contrast later block sounds and use of multiphonics

multiphonics WL

Sequenza No.1, Berio

Why is double stopping used?

virtuosic

full range of instrument

full range of instrument use WL

Nympheas

Pag 24

e.g where noise to tone is used

stave 2

Why is noise to tone used?

electronic experimental music

The Noise WL

Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima, Penderecki

dynamics

extreme

mics close to cello

range of dynamics

(silence) pppp - ffff

range of dynamics WL

Polymorphia, Penderecki

What sound does Saariaho want from the mics?

clear and rich, close sound

use of microphones WL

Pendulum pieces, Steve Reich