Cisco - Intro to Networking with complete verified solutions already graded A+

What are the 6 configuration modes? (routers)

User, Privileged, Global Configuration, Complex Global Configuration, Set-Up, Rx (Prescription)

What is the OSI Model?

Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical

What is the TCP/IP Model?

Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access

What steps from OSI Model make up the TCP/IP Model's Application step?

Application, Presentation, Session

What steps from OSI Model make up the TCP/IP Model's Transport step?

Transport

What steps from OSI Model make up the TCP/IP Model's Internet step?

Network

What steps from OSI Model make up the TCP/IP Model's Network Access step?

Data Link, Physical

What does the User Mode mean?

Limited examination of router

What does Privileged Mode mean?

Detailed examination of router

What does the Global Configuration mode mean?

Global configuration commands

What does Application mean? (Layer)

It provides the means for end-to-end connectivity between individuals in the human network using data networks

What does Presentation mean? (Layer)

It provides common representation of the data transferred between application layer services

What does Session mean? (Layer)

It provides services to the presentation layer to organize it's dialogue and to manage data exchange

What does Transport mean? (Layer)

It defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between end devices

What does Network mean? (Layer)

It provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices

What does Data Link mean? (Layer)

It protocols describes methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media

What does Physical mean? (Layer)

It protocols describes the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and deactivate physical connections for bit transmissions to and from a network device

What is the difference between TCP/IP Model and OSI Model?

TCP/IP is absolute model designed only for TCP/IP traffic

What is for the Network Layer?

Packets

What is for the Segment Layer?

Data

What is for the Physical Layer?

Bits

What are 2 pieces of communication for computers to speak to each other?

MAC Address (Hardware/Physical) & IP Address (Logical)

Since the router has to help communication.....

It needs to be apart of the 2 different networks that are connecting together & communicate

What is ARP?

Address Resolution Protocol. Computers use this to find the MAC address of the destination, once it has the IP address. Broadcast is always used.

Once a Computer finds the IP address, it needs to find the MAC address.. True or False?

True

When a Broadcast happens.. where does it Broadcast to?

It is ALWAYS contained in the Network that it is originated in

As soon as the MAC addresses leaves the network to the Router to the other network..

The MAC address changes when going from Network to Network. The IP STAYS THE SAME from original source.

Mac destination address comes first.. true or false?

True

IP destination address comes first.. true or false?

False, the source address comes first

MAC addresses have what type of significance?

Local

IP Addresses have what type of significance?

Global

What layer is ARP used on?

The Network Layer

1's and 0's are converted into what?

Electronic Signals

What is 'Throughput'?

The Download speed, and Upload speed. The usage of Bandwith.

Why are cables twisted?

The more you protect it from signal interference

What is Fiber Optic?

It is just like any plastic or glass, but the glass is much better. It is fragile, but it provides faster speed.

What is the purpose of a Cladding?

It contains the light

(MAC) Media Access Control is a part of Hardware.. true or false?

True

(LLC) Logical Link Control is a part of Hardware.. true or false?

False, it is a part of Software

What is CSMA & what does it do?

Carrier Sense Multiple Access, sense the carrier multiple times until available

\CD : Collision Detection (Layer 802.3 protocol, ethernet) - in Data Link Layer

\CA : Collision Avoidance (Layer 802.11 wireless)

What is the range for Frame Size?

Minimum of (runt frame)64 bytes, and maximum of 1518 bytes. (Multiply by 8 to convert to bits). If frame is less than minimum or more than maximum, the receiving device drops the frame.

How big is a mac address?

6 bytes, 48 bits, 12 hexdigits (Always & fixed number) and given in HEX code

What does FF-FF-FF mean?

Broadcast

What does 01-00-5E mean?

Multicast

What is Half Duplex?

Unidirectional data flow, higher potential for collision

What is Full Duplex?

Point-to-point only, cillision free

What is MDIX?

It auto detects the type of connection required and configures the interface accordingly.

What is Store-and-Forward?

It receives the entire frame, and computes the CRC

What are 3 Frame Forwarding Methods?

Store & Forward, Fragment-Free Switch, Cut-Through

What is the difference between Routing and Switching?

Routing is about packets, Switchers are about frames

What are 3 major types of Layer 3 switches?

Switch Virtual Interface (SVI), Routed Port, Layer 3 EtherChannel

What are some different IP Components?

Connectionless - no connection established before sending data packets

Best Effort - unreliable, no overhead is used to guarantee packet delivery

Media Independent - Operates independently of the medium carrying the data (doesn't care about hardware)

What are the limitations of IPv4?

IP Address depletion, Internet routing table expansion, and lack of end-to-end connectivity

What is good about IPv6?

Increased address soarce, improved packet handling, integrated security, eliminates the need for NAT

What is User Datagram Protocol UDP?

It is the best effort delivery. It may not get there, but it will try. TCP is a guaranteed delivery.

What is a 3 way handshake?

It establishes the destination device is present on the network. It verifies that the device has an active service and is accepting requests. It informs the destination device that the source client intends to establish a communication session on that port number.

What is DNS?

Domain Name System. It changes the website to an actual IP address.

If devices are different, how do we connect it?

We connect it with a Straight-Through

What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)?

It is on the Network Layer, and sits next to IP. It is used to test/ping a route. No data.

How many Bytes/bits is IPv4?

IPv4 is always 4 Bytes, 32 bits

What are the differences between the classes?

Class A: 1-126

Class B: 128-191

Class C: 192-223

Differences are because we want to know which part of addresses are networks, and hosts.

EXAMPLE: A= [100]network [20520]host

EXAMPLE: B=[15010]network [520]host

EXAMPLE: C=[199105]network [20]host

Purpose of the mask?

Allows us to read the IP address

1=Network

0=Host

It tells us which bit is what in the IP address.

Class A: 255.0.0.0/8

Class B:255.255.0.0/16

Class C:255.255.255.0/24

IN IPv4, what is the #1 process of sending a packet from one host to an individual host?

Unicast

What does /28 mean? /25?

28 bits for the network, 4 bits for the host. 25 bits for the network, 7 bits for the network.

What is the length of IPv4?

128 Bits, 32 Hexdigits,

How can 0000 be rewritten? Can they be dropped?

0, and yes if they are leading.

For example 0AAC can be AAC, but AAC0 can not be changed.

How can 0000:0000 be re-written?

::, but can only be used once in a given address

For example 12FB:CDEF::C:2551 etc...

True or False.. can IPv6 use broadcast address?

False, only Unicast, Multicast, Anycast.

What is Anycast?

Sends to many, one responds.

LinkLocal?

FE80/10

Global?

001/3

Site Local?

FC00/7