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Cerebral Cortex
Outer layer of nerve tissue covering the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum.
Ventricles
Two cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid, forming an inner communication network in the cerebrum.
Hindbrain
Lower brain structures including the cerebrum, medulla, and pons, controlling motor functions and vital responses.
Cerebellum
Responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture.
Forbrain
Upper-level brain structures regulating cognitive processes, emotions, and personality.
Hemispheric Specialization
Different functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Neuroplasticity
Brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience or injury and including synaptic through sprouting and rerouting
Acquired Brain Injury
Brain injury occurring after birth due to traumatic or non-traumatic events.
Stroke
Acquired brain injury caused by interrupted blood supply or bleeding in the brain, leading to tissue deterioration.
Neurological Disorder
Disorder affecting any part of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system.
Seizure
Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, characteristic of epilepsy.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Progressive brain degeneration due to repeated head injuries, potentially fatal.
Concussion
Traumatic brain injury resulting from rapid head movement, disrupting neuronal activity and potentially damaging brain tissue.
Broca’s area
a specific are of cortext wich coordinates movement of the muscles required for speech and supplies this information to the appropriate motor cortex ( speach). and
Wernicke’s area
an area of the tempral lobe that plays a critical role in understanding the sound involed in human speech.
left Hemisphere
processes language through the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s
Right hemisphere
Spatial abilities: understanding spatial relationships and visualizing images.
facial recognition: recognizing faces and interpreting facial expressions.
music perception: Processing musical rhythm and melodies
Cortical lobe
areas of the cerebral cortex associated with different unction
frontal
the executive refers to a collection of cognitive skills including the capacity to plan, organize, initiate.processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory.
temporal: ears
the temporal lobe is meaningly involved with the Primarily auditory perception, plays an important role in memory.
primary auditory cortex:
has an important role in receiving and processing sounds. from both ears so that we can perceive and identify different types of sound.
parietal : sense
The parietal lobes are primarily responsible for receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain
occipital lobes: eyes
The occipital lobe is the visual processing area of the brain. distance and depth perception, color determination and memory
primary visual cortex
The visual cortex receives and processes information from both eyes' visual sensory receptors, with the left half of each eye transmitting it to the right occipital lobe.
Thalamus:
relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. filters information from the senses (not smell) and transmits (relays) the information to the relevant parts of the brain
Hypothalamus :
a section of the brain that is responsible for the production of the bodys hormones that regulate different cells and organs.
amygdala:
the part of the brain that's most closely associated with fear, emotions, and motivation
hippocampus:
essential for information of new memories.
cerebrum:
higher cognitive functions like thinking and planning
Acquired brain injury
occurs after birth due to traumatic events like strokes, infections, or lack of oxygen, while non-traumatic brain injury is caused by internal factors.