Statistical Thinking

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Psychology

University/Undergrad

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8 Terms

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Cause-and-Effect
Related to whether we say one variable is causing changes in the other variable, versus other variables that may be related to these two variables.
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Distribution
The pattern of variation in data.
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Statistical Significance
A result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to arise by chance alone
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P-Value
The probability of observing a particular outcome in a sample, or more extreme, under a conjecture about the larger population or process.
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Sample
The collection of individuals on which we collect data.
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Population
A larger collection of individuals that we would like to generalize our results to.
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Random Sample
Using a probability-based method to select a subset of individuals for the sample from the population.
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Statistics
A numerical result computed from a sample (e.g., mean, proportion).