Ap World Modern Unit 5

What role did artwork play in the French Revolution?

It served as propaganda showing the third estate supporting the nation.

What is absolutism?

The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Which revolution most directly undermined slavery in the Americas?

The Haitian Revolution.

Name three countries that unified their people into a new nation or identity during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Cuba.

What was the main goal of the abolitionist movement?

To end the Atlantic Slave trade and free all enslaved people.

Compare the French Revolution and the American Revolution; what did they share?

Both created important documents of rights, were influenced by Enlightenment ideas, and opposed British influence.

What are natural rights according to John Locke?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of property.

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about government?

That people gave up rights for a strong government to ensure law and order.

What was Baron Montesquieu's contribution to political theory?

He introduced the idea of Checks and Balances through the separation of the branches of government.

Describe the ideology of nationalists.

A strong sense of pride in one's culture, ethnicity, and country, promoting a common identity.

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

Poverty after wars, the Estates-General, and the disparity in representation of commoners.

What led to the American Revolution?

British taxation without representation and enforcement of imperial power.

How did Enlightenment ideas transform European society?

They led to wars, revolutions, and the decline of slavery.

What was Mary Wollstonecraft's view on women and rights?

Women are inferior only due to lack of education.

Name a similarity between the Haitian and American Revolutions.

Both were encouraged by Enlightenment ideas.

What characterized the Haitian Revolution compared to the French Revolution?

Led by slaves with no prior power.

Describe Otto von Bismarck's approach to realpolitik.

He focused on pragmatic concerns rather than theoretical or ethical considerations.

What was the outcome of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin's collaboration?

The establishment of Gran Colombia.

What advantage did Napoleon’s wars give to Creoles?

They weakened the Spanish government, allowing Creoles to start independence movements.

How did Enlightenment challenge traditional sovereignty assumptions?

It promoted the idea of separation of powers in government.

What was Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power?

He gained popularity by winning battles during the revolution and maintained power through continued successes.

Which European power first abolished the slave trade?

Denmark-Norway.

What did Napoleon support regarding the French Revolution?

He supported some revolutionary ideals while opposing others, particularly those that threatened his authority.

What were the social effects of Latin America's wars of independence?

Newly independent countries saw legal end of social distinctions but conservative governments maintained traditional gender roles.

How did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

Through an abundance of coal, rivers for transport, and a skilled workforce.

What were the social consequences of industrialization?

Rapid urbanization, poor living conditions, labor movements, and environmental harm.

Why was France's industrialization delayed?

Sparsely populated urban centers and the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Which country was the leading industrial force by 1900?

The United States.

What was the significance of steamships during the Industrial Revolution?

They allowed for faster and more reliable water transportation, even upstream.

What was the role of steel during the Industrial Era?

It became the strong and versatile backbone of industrial society.

What contribution did Thomas Edison make to the Industrial Revolution?

He developed the lightbulb.

What was the main outcome of Henry Bessemer's process?

The mass production of steel.

Describe the process of Russia's industrialization.

State-sponsored with a focus on railroads and heavy industries, though much of the economy remained agricultural.

How did the enclosure movement contribute to industrialization?

It forced small farmers into cities, providing a workforce for factories.

What characterized the Second Industrial Revolution?

It expanded electricity, petroleum, and steel production.

What drove labor unions to strike during industrialization?

Demands for better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours.

Which social class benefited most from industrialization?

The middle class or bourgeoisie.

How did the Ottoman Empire's failure to modernize affect its standing in Europe?

It was referred to as 'the sick man of Europe' due to technological lag.

What political party inspired by Karl Marx gained power in the 20th century?

The Socialist Party in Russia.

What were the goals of Japan's Meiji Restoration?

To modernize Japan politically and economically to avoid Western domination.

How did the Meiji government promote industrialization?

Through the end of feudalism, education reforms, and infrastructure development.

What was the role of the Suez Canal in trade?

It provided a direct maritime route between Europe and Asia.

How did industrialization in Russia differ from that in Western societies?

It was state-initiated rather than driven by societal demands.

What were the differences between Adam Smith and Karl Marx regarding economy?

Smith advocated for a laissez-faire approach while Marx favored government control of production and distribution.

What were the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire aimed at?

To modernize and catch up with industrialized nations.

Describe the difference between socialism and communism.

Communism is a more radical form of socialism.

What were the main characteristics of mercantilism?

Countries aimed to export more than they imported to build wealth.

Who is recognized as the Father of Modern Economics?

Adam Smith.

Under laissez-faire economics, when should the government intervene?

Only to protect private property.

How did the working classes react to industrial life?

They organized into unions to seek better conditions.

What reforms were achieved through labor unions after the Industrial Revolution?

Shorter work weeks, better pay, and improved working conditions.

What social changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

Emergence and growth of distinct social classes, each with different living conditions.

What political changes were observed during the Industrial Age?

Weakened aristocracy and increased middle-class participation in investments and projects.

Which country implemented the most comprehensive social reforms during industrialization?

Germany.