Chapter 19 MASS

Interstate Commerce Act

A federal law enacted in 1887 that regulated railroad rates and practices, aiming to eliminate monopolistic practices in interstate transport.

Gold Standard

A monetary system where a country's currency or paper money has a value directly linked to gold. It promotes stable currency values and facilitates international trade.

Pendleton Act

A federal law passed in 1883 that established a merit-based system for federal employment, reducing patronage and corruption in government hiring practices.

Boxer Rebellion

A violent uprising in 1900 in China against foreign influence and missionary activity, led by the "Boxers" to expel foreign powers.

Open-Door Notes

A series of diplomatic notes sent by the United States in 1899 and 1900, urging foreign powers to respect Chinese territorial integrity and allow equal trading rights in China.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, resulting in the U.S. acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, essentially marking the U.S. emergence as a global power.

Sanjuan Hill Battle

Famous battle during the Spanish-American War, where Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders gained national fame.

Queen Liluoklani

The last reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, who was overthrown in 1893. She attempted to restore the power of the monarchy and resist the influence of American planters.

16:1

Refers to the ratio of gold to silver for currency conversion established by the U.S. government, leading to debates over monetary policy during the late 19th century.

Sherman Silver

Purchase Act of 1890, which aimed to increase the amount of silver purchased by the U.S. Treasury and restore silver backing to the dollar.

16th Amendment

___________ to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, grants Congress the authority to levy and collect income taxes from individuals and corporations without apportionment among states by population.

Coxey’s Army

A protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob _____.

Omaha Platform

he 1892 manifesto of the Populist Party that called for significant economic and political reforms, including the free coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, and the direct election of U.S. senators.

Populism

Is a contested concept for a variety of political stances that emphasise the idea of the "common people", often in opposition to a perceived elite.

Tammany Hall

famously led by figures like Boss Tweed, providing services to immigrants in exchange for votes while enriching insiders through graft.

Blane

who was the Half breeds Leader

Conkling

who was the Stalwarts Leader

Mann-Elkins Act

The _______ Act of 1910 was a U.S. federal law that significantly increased the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC) authority to regulate railroads and, for the first time, telecommunications (telephone, telegraph, wireless).

Elkins Act

______ of 1903 was a U.S. federal law, championed by Senator Stephen B. Elkins and signed by President Theodore Roosevelt, that amended the Interstate Commerce Act to outlaw secret railroad rebates

Teller Amendment

passed by U.S. Congress in April 1898, promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War

Foraker Act

established a U.S. civil government for Puerto Rico, replacing military rule after the Spanish-American War, creating an appointed governor and council, an elected House

The Platt Amendment

a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention.

Cross of Gold Speech

delivered by William Jennings Bryan, In his address, Bryan supported "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity

Mark Hanna

The Brains behind the election of McKinley