Respiratory Illnesses: Cough, Bronchitis, and Pneumonia

Flashcards covering the symptoms, causes, and treatments of common respiratory illnesses.

What is a cough?

A reflex action that expels irritants from the respiratory tract.

What are some causes of a cough?

Viruses, bacteria, allergies, irritants, and dry air.

What are some main causes of a cough?

Viral and bacterial infections, smoke, dust, fumes, allergens, and GERD.

When should you see a doctor for a cough?

Coughing up blood, high fever, difficulty breathing, and coughing for more than 3 weeks.

What are the two main types of cough based on duration?

Acute (less than 3 weeks) and Chronic (more than 8 weeks).

What are the two main types of cough based on mucus production?

Productive (brings up phlegm) and Non-productive (doesn't bring up phlegm).

What are two types of cough medications?

Expectorants (like guaifenesin) and Cough Suppressants (like dextromethorphan).

What is Bronchitis?

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

What are common symptoms of Bronchitis?

Cough, mucus, sore throat, fatigue, fever, and shortness of breath.

What are some treatments for Bronchitis?

Rest, Hydration, Over-the-Counter Medications, Humidifier, and Avoid Smoke & Irritants.

What is the primary focus of drug treatment for Bronchitis?

Managing symptoms; antibiotics are usually ineffective as bronchitis is often caused by a virus.

What is Pneumonia?

An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.

What are some common symptoms of Pneumonia?

Cough with phlegm, fever, fatigue, and breathing difficulty.

What are the main types of Pneumonia?

Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Aspiration Pneumonia.

What are the main causes of Pneumonia?

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Aspiration.

Who are at higher risk for Pneumonia?

Young children, older adults, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic conditions.

How is Pneumonia diagnosed?

Physical exam, Medical history, Imaging tests (chest X-rays), Sputum culture, and Blood tests.

How is Pneumonia treated?

Antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia), oxygen therapy, rest, and fluids.

How can Pneumonia be prevented?

Vaccination, hygiene, covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and a healthy lifestyle.

What is the medicinal treatment for pneumonia?

Antibiotics, oxygen therapy, rest, and hydration.