Unit 5 Test
Concept
mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people
subconscious processes
mental processes outside of consciousness but still accessible when necessary
prototype
representative example of a concept
unconscious processes
outside of consciousness and not accessible to conscious
mental images
mental model that mirrors thing it represents.
reasoning
drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, facts, or assumptions.
quasi-reflective judgment
recognizing that some things cannot be known but aren’t sure how to deal with these situations.
deductive reasoning
a conclusion must follow from a set of facts or observations
reflective judgment
some things cannot be known, but some judgements are more valid or less valid
inductive reasoning
conclusion probably follows from observations, but may be false
confirmation bias
believed evidence that backs up our ideas more than evidence that refutes them
heuristic
experienced based technique
mental set
tendency to approach a problem from a mindset that has worked before.
dialectical reasoning
process where opposing facts are weighed and compared to draw a conclusion
hindsight bias
tendency to overestimate one’s ability to have predicted an event’s outcome
pre-reflective judgment
reaching a conclusion based on what “feels right” in the moment
justification of effort
increased liking for something they have worked hard/suffered to attain
intelligence
ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
metacognition
awareness of one’s own cognitive processes.
mental age
measure of mental development in terms of average mental ability at a given age.
emotional intelligence
ability to identify your own and others’ emotions and express them clearly.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
measure of intelligence. (mental age)/(actual age).
heritability
how well genetic differences account for differences in traits.
stereotype threat
burden of doubt a person feels about his or her performance because of stereotypes about his or her group.
gender bias
what it sounds like
cognitive ethology
study of cognitive behavior in animals.