Psychology Unit 5 Test

Unit 5 Test

Concept

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people

subconscious processes

mental processes outside of consciousness but still accessible when necessary

prototype

representative example of a concept

unconscious processes

outside of consciousness and not accessible to conscious

mental images

mental model that mirrors thing it represents.

reasoning

drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, facts, or assumptions.

quasi-reflective judgment

recognizing that some things cannot be known but aren’t sure how to deal with these situations.

deductive reasoning

a conclusion must follow from a set of facts or observations

reflective judgment

some things cannot be known, but some judgements are more valid or less valid

inductive reasoning

conclusion probably follows from observations, but may be false

confirmation bias

believed evidence that backs up our ideas more than evidence that refutes them

heuristic

experienced based technique

mental set

tendency to approach a problem from a mindset that has worked before.

dialectical reasoning

process where opposing facts are weighed and compared to draw a conclusion

hindsight bias

tendency to overestimate one’s ability to have predicted an event’s outcome

pre-reflective judgment

reaching a conclusion based on what “feels right” in the moment

justification of effort

increased liking for something they have worked hard/suffered to attain

intelligence

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

metacognition

awareness of one’s own cognitive processes.

mental age

measure of mental development in terms of average mental ability at a given age.

emotional intelligence

ability to identify your own and others’ emotions and express them clearly.

intelligence quotient (IQ)

measure of intelligence. (mental age)/(actual age).

heritability

how well genetic differences account for differences in traits.

stereotype threat

burden of doubt a person feels about his or her performance because of stereotypes about his or her group.

gender bias

what it sounds like

cognitive ethology

study of cognitive behavior in animals.