History of Mental Health Practice and OT's Evolution

Early historical influences within mental health

• moral treatment movement

• mental hygiene

• arts and crafts movement

when did moral treatment begin

began in the 18th century

moral treatment

response to the inhumane treatment of people with mental illness

principles of moral treatment

• the mind and body should be treated together

• occupations can be used to occupy, distract, or amuse the individual to counter the effects of less productive thinking

• new habits can be developed to replace less desirable ones

• new learning can occur that may provide useful skills in dealing with everyday life

and others

who developed the mental hygiene movement

Clifford W. Beers and Adolf Meyers

the mental hygiene movement came into the spotlight at the turn of the _____ century

20th

Meyers developed the first OT department at

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Mental illness was an _____ of work, rest, and play within the mental hygiene movement

inbalance

Arts and crafts movement arose in reaction to _________ and mechanization of society

industrialization

within arts and crafts movement emphasis was placed on work being done by _____ versus machines

hand

arts and crafts movements belief was that the overall nature of the work had a ______ influence on health

positive

William Rush Dunton JR provided the first published analysis of arts and crafts activities for therapeutic purpose, which became the first examples of _____ ______ in OT

activity analysis

Dunton’s interest in the arts and crafts movement impacted his work at which asylum

Sheppard Asylum which is still standing in Baltimore today

Eleanor Clarke Slagle introduced ____ _____ in NY stake hospitals in 1920s

habit training

Eleanor’s goal of habit training was to

establish a well-balanced day and return the individual to the community if possible

Four level system

graded intervention (adapt, modify, upgrade/downgrade)

Susan Edith Tracy affirmed the idea that ______-_______ tests may indicate ability that psychometric tests do not

performance-based

Susan Edith Tracy developed _______ techniques based on observation of performance through leather making, paper making, plaster designing, and book repair

assessment

William Rush Dunton beliefs (1919)

• that occupation is as necessary to life as food and drink

• that every human being should have both physical and mental occupation

• that sick minds, sick bodies, sick souls, may be healed through occupation

mental illness is the leading cause of

disability worldwide

the shift from illness to wellness involves

a person’s ability to think, feel, and behave in a way that is consistent with their needs, goals, and values