Adv. Microbiology Unit 8 - Molds

__________ pathogens generally only cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients.

opportunistic

________ fungi involve only the top layer of skin, nails, or hair.

superficial

________ fungi affect deeper layers of skin, hair, and nails.

dermatophytes

________ fungi effect deep layers of tissue.

subcutaneous

Types of fungi that spread throughout the entire body.

systemic mycoses

Term for an organism that grows on decaying organic matter.

saprobic

Molds are usually contracted through ________.

inhilation

What characteristics do all Phylum zygomycota have in common?

asceptate/sporangiospores

What is used to treat zygomycosis?

amphotericin B

This species of opportunistic aseptate pathogens has branching sporangiophores between the rhizoids.

absidia

This species of opportunistic aseptate pathogens has single or branching sporangiophores with no rhizoids.

mucor

This species of opportunistic aseptate pathogens has unbranched sporangiophores that arise opposite to rhizoids.

rhizopus

What are the most common opportunistic pathogens of septated dematiacious molds?

alternaria/epicoccum

What are the most common opportunistic pathogens of septated hyaline molds?

aspergillus/fusarium/penicillium

This septated dematiaceous opportunistic pathogen has chained conidia with alternating horizontal and verticle septa.

alternaria

This septated dematiaceous opportunistic pathogen has short conidia with unconstructed, alternating horizontal and vertical septa.

epicoccum

This septated hyaline opportunistic pathogen has conidiophores producing whorls with tapering phialides.

fusarium

This septated hyaline opportunistic pathogen produces flask-shaped phialides resembling a brush.

penicillium

This septated hyaline opportunistic pathogen has unbranched conidiophores with foot cells at the base to support large vessicles.

aspergillus

How do you distinguish Aspergillus fumigatus from other species of Aspergillus?

A. fumigatus grows at 45C

What organism is the most common cause of keratomycosis?

fusarium

Term for when an opportunistic fungi infects the cornea of the eye.

keratomycosis

This septated hyaline opportunistic pathogen can infect the eyes and nails.

fusarium

Aspergillus initially affects the __________ and can spread to ________.

lungs; brain/GI tract/kidneys

This septated hyaline opportunistic pathogen is acquired through inhalation but can spread to the rest of the body, including CSF.

penicillium

What are the most common superficial fungi opportunistic pathogens?

Hortaea wernecki/Malassezia furfura/Trichosporium beigelii

Which superficial fungi produces hyphae with dark, 1 or 2 celled blastoconidia in large clusters?

Hortaea wernecki

What is the alternate name for Hortaea wernecki?

Exophilia wernecki

What organism is responsible for tinea nigra?

Hortaea wernecki

The symptom of this disease is brown/black non-scaly patches that form on the palm of the hands.

tinea nigra

What organism requires lipids and incubation at 30C to grow?

Malassezia furfura

This superficial fungi resembles spaghetti and meatballs.

Malassezia furfura

What organism causes tinea versicolor?

Malassezia furfura

If this organism is present, it will fluoresce yellow under Wood's lamp.

Malassezia furfura

Symptoms of this disease include scaly patches of different colors on the skin, usually around the abdomen or trunk.

tinea versicolor

This superficial fungi produces blastoconidia and arthroconidia.

Trichosporium beigelii

What organism is responsible for white piedra?

Trichosporium beigelii

This disease presents with light brown nodules on facial hairs.

white piedra

Which superficial fungi has a mold form?

Hortaea wernecki

Dermatophytes usually need to be treated with ___________ before examining.

KOH

Dermatophtyes are usually spread from ________ to humans.

pets

An _______ invasion affects only the outside of the hair shaft.

ectothrix

An ________ invasion affects the inside of the hair shaft.

endothrix

Another name for ringworm.

dermatophytosis

Tinea capitis refers to ringworm on the ________.

scalp

Tinea corporis refers to ringworm on the ________.

body

Tinea barbae refers to ringworm on the ________.

beard

Tinea cruris refers to ringworm on the ________.

groin

Tinea pedis refers to ringworm on the ________.

foot

Tinea unguium refers to ringworm on the ________.

nail

Which dermatophyte does not produce microconidia?

epidermophyton

This dermatophyte produces numerous microconidia that are club-shaped, smooth and thin walled with 2-4 cells.

epidermophyton

This dermatophyte produces numerous macroconidia that are rough and thick-walled with 3-7 cells

microsporum

This dermatophyte produces rare, pencil-shaped macroconidia containing 3-8 cells.

trichophyton

What organism causes athlete's foot?

T. ruburm

What organism is primarily responsible for tinea capitis in children?

T. tonsurans

What is the most common species of epidermophyton?

E. floccosum

The mold form of this dimorphic fungi has small, oval hyaline or dematiaceous conidia arranged singularly on a hyphae, like a 'daisy head'.

Sporothrix schenckii

Which organism can be transmitted through a rose thorn?

Sporothrix schenckii

The yeast form of this dimorphic fungi has small budding cells that resemble cigars.

Sporothrix schenckii

What organisms are responsible for systemic mycoses?

blastomyces dermatitidis/Coccidiodes immites/Histoplasma capsulatum/Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

The yeast form of this dimorphic fungi has large, round thick-walled single budding yeast cells with a broad isthmus, where the daughter cell attaches to the mother.

Blastomyces dermatitidis

The mold form of this dimorphic fungi has single smooth-walled, round to oval conidia at the end of a short conidiophores or directly on hyphae, 'lollipops'

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis mostly reside?

south of Ohio river/east of Mississippi

The mold form of this dimorphic fungi has hyphae branching at 90 degree angles with many thick-walled 'barrel' shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty cells.

Coccidioides immitis

The yeast phase of this dimorphic fungi exists (in tissue) as large, round thick-walled spherules which contain endospores.

Coccidioides immitis

What organism is responsible for San Joaquin fever?

Coccidioides immitis

Where is Coccidioides immitis usually found?

southwestern US

The yeast form of this dimorphic fungi has small, single budding cells.

Histoplasma capsulatum

The mold form of this dimorphic fungi has conidiophores at right angles to hyphae which support large round macroconidia with smooth or spiny edges.

Histoplasma capsulatum

What organism is responsible for Darling's disease.

Histoplasma capsulatum

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum usually found?

Mississippi and Ohio River areas and Appalachian mountains

Which organism can be transmitted through bats?

Histoplasma capsulatum

The mold form of this dimorphic fungi has hyphae with intercalary and terminal chlamydoconidia?

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

The yest form of this dimorphic fungi has very large, thick walled, multiple budding yeast cells with narrow necks where daughter cells attack, 'ships-wheel'.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Where is Paracoccidioides brasiliensis usually located?

South America