anthr midterm

anthropology

Scientific study of humankind (human beings), both past and present

evolution

very slow gradual change in the genetic structure(s) of a plant or animal

population; over time.

Macroevolution:

Large scale evolution, such as speciation, that occurs after

hundreds and thousands of generations.

microevolution

evolution on a smaller scale; change from one generation to the

next (Ex. Change in color)

species

members of a population that can breed and produce fertile-viable offspring.

deme

A local population of organisms that have similar genes, that potentially

interbreed with each other. AKA: reproductive population

Gene pool

All the genetic information in the breeding population (all the genes in

the pool/population).

reproductive isolation

nability to mate and produce fertile, viable offspring primarily due to genetic

differences

somatic cells

body tissues, muscles, bones, skin, brain, etc.; all cells not

involved in reproduction

gametes/ sex cells

ells involved in reproduction/ passing of genetic info.

(eggs and sperm).

DNA

controls the structure of proteins and is the primary carrier of genetic

(hereditary) information.

chromosomes

Each species has a specific number of chromosomes. All normal

humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 total

autosomes

Chromosome pairs: 1-22, contain most all of the genetic information

for our physical characteristics.

sex chromosomes

AKA: 23rd pair. They are X & Y.

Females: XX

Males: XY

Genetics

study of how genes work and are passed from one generation to the next

(offspring).

Genes

Basic unit of inheritance, or a sequence of DNA on a chromosome

coding for a specific protein.

Gegor Mendel

questioned idea oof heredity and blending

2 lays of inheriance

punnett square

visual representation of Mendelian inheritance. They provide

every possible outcome for offspring for one maternal allele and one paternal

allele for each gene being studied.

blumenbach

Classified groups of people into five categories based on skin tone and facial

projection/head shape.

heterozygous dominant

In HETEROZYGOUS genotypes, the capital letter (DOMINANT)

trait will, "mask, or hide" the RECESSIVE trait.