Chapter 15 Nutrition & Hydration

Nutrition

The process by which the body utilizes food to maintain health.

Nutrient

Substances present in food that provide energy, support growth and health, and regulate metabolism.

Water

Vital nutrient essential for life, with a recommended intake of 64 ounces daily to aid digestion.

Unintended weight loss

Common issue among the elderly leading to swallowing difficulties, feeding problems, and poor oral care.

Parenteral Nutrition

Administration of nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system.

Nasogastric Tube

A feeding tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Feeding tube inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall.

Gastrostomy

Surgical opening in the stomach for tube insertion.

NPO

Abbreviation for "Nothing by mouth," indicating no food or drink intake.

Guidelines for Tube feeding

Instructions for observing, positioning, and monitoring tube-fed individuals.

Diet cards

Cards detailing resident's dietary needs, allergies, preferences, and special instructions.

Therapeutic, modified, or special diets

Diets tailored for specific health conditions, illnesses, or allergies.

Fluid Balance

Maintaining equal intake and elimination of fluids in the body.

Diuretics

Medications that reduce fluid volume in the body.

Puree

Food processed into a thick paste consistency.

Thickened Liquids

Fluids modified to aid swallowing control.

Dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing.

Aspiration

Inhaling food or drink into the lungs.

Intake/Input

Fluids consumed by an individual.

Output

All fluids eliminated from the body.

Dehydration

Inadequate fluid levels in the body leading to various symptoms.

Fluid Overload

Condition where the body struggles to manage excessive fluid intake.

Edema

Swelling due to an accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues.