BSD-MOD 1

Codes and Standards

Codes and Standards

the essential foundations of any building. These are the guidelines that designers strictly adhere to when it comes to their designs

Codes and Standards

These provide safeguards against anonymity in designs since these codes and standards are proven to be effective in their own respective fields of specialization.

National Building Code of the Philippines

It is formerly signed as a Presidential Decree 1096, by former President Ferdinand E. Marcos n February 19, 1977

National Building Code of the Philippines

the Republic Act 6541

National Building Code of the Philippines

the policy of the Philippines to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, that is consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control.

National Building Code of the Philippines

to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design, quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance

Building Requirements

-All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities shall conform in all respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are designed

-Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production of any kind of product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards

-Buildings or structures and all its parts as well as all facilities found within it shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition

Site Requirements

This land or site upon which will be constructed with any building or structure, or any ancillary or auxiliary facility, should be sanitary, hygienic or safe.

National Building Code of the Philippines

Applied for the over-all design of a building including its key functional areas, site location, inclusion for provisions in water, sanitation, etc

National Structural Code of the Philippines

focuses on the specific aspects of the structural design of a building. This provides standards in properly designing a safe, sturdy, and long-lasting structure.

National Structural Code of the Philippines

first release in 1972 as National Structural Code for Buildings (NSCB), its third edition in 1987 as the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), up to the current 7th edition of NSCP 2015.

National Structural Code of the Philippines

To provide minimum requirements for the design of buildings, towers, and other vertical structures, and minimum standards and guidelines to safeguard life or limb, property, and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials pertaining to the structural aspects of all buildings and structures within its jurisdiction.

FIVE GENERAL Design Requirements

strength requirement, serviceability requirement, structural analysis, foundation investigation, and design review.

strength requirement

vertical structures and all portions of it shall be designed and constructed to sustain, within the limitations of the code, all loads imposed in it i.e. dead loads, live loads.

Serviceability

how good the structure could be of use based on its purpose such that the structure maintains its usability once it is operational.

serviceability requirement

provides that structural systems and its structural members shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflections, lateral drifts, vibrations, or any other deformations that adversely affect the intended use and performance of buildings, towers, and other vertical structures.

structural analysis

applied for the structure, system or method of construction, shall be based on a rational analysis in accordance with well-established principles of mechanics that take into account equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short-term and long-term material properties.

Structural Analysis

Shall result in a system that provides a complete load path capable of transferring all loads and forces from their point of origin to the load-resisting elements.

Structural Analysis

should also include considerations in resisting overturning forces; self-restraining forces including restrained dimensional changes i.e. due to temperature, moisture, shrinkage, heave, and creep; and the uplift and sliding forces in the roof, columns, and walls.

foundation investigation

Soil explorations shall be required or buildings, towers, and other vertical structures as required by the Building Official

Design review

The design calculations, drawings, specifications, and other design-related documents for buildings, towers, and other vertical structures shall be subject to a design review by an independent recognized structural engineer or engineers to be employed by the owner

Design review

Shall, as a minimum, verify the general compliance with the NSCP which shall include, but not be limited to, the review of the design load criteria, the design concept, the mathematical model and techniques.

Building Official

Responsible in carrying out the provisions of the code in the field and the enforcement of orders and decisions made in implementing this code

Building Official

Public Works District Engineer (from the Department of Public Works and Highways, DPWH),

City Engineer (from a city local government)

Municipal Engineer (from a municipal local government).

Qualifications of Building Officials

1. A Filipino citizen and of good moral character

2. A duly registered architect or civil engineer

3. A member of good standing of a duly accredited organization of his profession for not less than two years

4. Has at least five years of diversified and professional experience in building design and construction

Duties of a Building Official

1. issuing building permits,

2. may enter any building or its premises at all reasonable times to inspect and determine compliance with the requirements of this Code,

3. any building work is found to be contrary to the provisions of this Code, the Building Official may order the work to be stopped

4. authorized to order the discontinuance of the occupancy or use of any building or structure or portion

Building permit

its application form which can be acquired from the Office of the Building Official (OBO)

Building Officials

No entity shall erect, construct, alter, repair, move, convert, or demolish any building or structure without first obtaining a building permit from the Building Official in the place where the subject building is located, or the building work is done

Building Permit

This is the mandate from the National Building Code of the Philippines which allows for those aforementioned works to be done in a building or project construction.

Building Permit

the applicant satisfies and conforms with at least the following, but not limited to:

~approved standard requirements on zonings and land use ~lines and grades ~structural design ~sanitary and sewerage ~environmental, health, electrical and mechanical safety

Processing of Building Permits

shall be under the overall administrative control and supervision of the Building Official and his technical staff of qualified professionals

Issuance and Validity of Building Permits

the Building Official shall, within fifteen days from payment of the required fees by the applicant, issue the building permit applied for.

Non-issuance, Suspension, or Revocation of Building Permits

Errors found in the plans and specifications

In correct or inaccurate data or information supplied

Non-compliance with the provisions of this Code or of any rule or regulation

Inspection and Supervision of Work

The owner of the Building, shall engage the services of a duly licensed architect or civil engineer to undertake the full time inspection and supervision of the construction work.

Logbook

The actual progress of construction including tests conducted, weather conditions and other pertinent data are to be recorded

Certificate of Completion

states that the construction of building conforms to the provisions of this Code and its approved plans and specifications

Certificate of Occupancy

certifies that the finished building or structure or its portion, after its inspection by an inspector or enforcer from the Office of the Building Official, has been successfully completed in compliance with the standards set by the National Building Code of the Philippines.

Certificate of Occupancy

It shall be issued by the Building Official within thirty days

Certificate of Occupancy

shall be posted or displayed in a conspicuous place on the premises and shall not be removed except upon order of the Building Official.

Type I

shall be a wood construction.

Type II

shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout

Type II

Except, that permanent non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.

Type III

Shall be of masonry and wood construction.

Type III

The building shall be one hour fire resistive through out: except, walls shall be incombustible fire-resistive construction.

Type IV

shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction

shall be of incombustible fire-resistive

Type V

shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction.

National Building Code of the Philippines

no change shall be made in the type of construction of any building which would place the building in a different sub-type or type of construction unless such building is made to comply with the requirements for such sub-type of construction.

Fire Code of the Philippines

enacted by RA9514

Fire Code of the Philippines,

implemented to ensure that buildings are equipped with fire safety features which enables the building and its occupants to be safe in case of fire.

Fire zones

Areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire.

Fire-resistive rating

the degree to which a material can withstand fire as determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.

fire-resistive time period rating

a much more measurable than the previous one which defines the length of time a material can withstand being burned which may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours, four-hours

Group A: Residential Dwellings

includes residential houses i.e. bungalow, two-storey house

Group B: Residentials, Hotels, and Apartments

shall be multiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row houses, convents, monasteries,

Group B: Residentials, Hotels, and Apartments

shall accommodates more than ten persons (10)

Group C: Education and Recreation

shall be buildings used for school or day-care purposes, involving assemblage for instruction, education, or recreation

Group D-Institutional: Division 1

buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained.

mental house, jails, mental sanitaria, reformatories

Group D-Institutional: Division 2

Nurseries for full-time care of children under kindergarten age, hospitals, sanitaria, nursing homes with Non ambulatory patients, and similar buildings each accommodating more than five persons

Group D-Institutional: Division 3

Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children of kindergarten age or over, each accommodating more than five persons

Group D-Institutional: Division 3

shall not include buildings used only for private or family group dwelling purposes

Group E: Business and Mercantile- DIVISION 1

Gasoline filling and service stations, storage garages and boot storage structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids

Group E: Business and Mercantile- DIVISION 2

Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of less than one hundred persons, printing plants, police and fire stations, factories and workshops using not highly flammable or combustible materials and paint stores without bulk handlings

Group E: Business and Mercantile- DIVISION 3

Aircraft hangers and open parking garage with no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or the use of highly flammable liquids

Group F: Industrial

Occupancies shall include: ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, and creameries, factories and workshops using incombustible and non-explosive materials, and storage and sale rooms for incombustible and nonexplosive materials

roup I: Assembly with Occupant Load of 1000 or more

Occupancies shall be any assembly building with an age and an occupant load of 1000 or more in the building

mixed-occupancy

used for various purposes i.e. the ground floor has been intended for a commercial establishment such as a mini grocery while the upper floors are used as residential units

Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy

shall not occupy not more than 90% of a corner lot, and not more than 80% of an inside lot.

shall be at least 2 meters offset from the property line.

Light and Ventilation

Every dwelling should be constructed and arranged to provide adequate light and ventilation under the provisions of the code

Sanitation

The proper wastewater disposal in the building which includes an efficient plumbing and sanitary system

Foundation

It transmits all the loads imposed on the structural members of a building into the underlying soils.

Foundation

It should be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600millimeters below the surface of the ground.

Post

(columns) are also essential in providing a safe and sturdy building.

Table 708-A: Dimensions of Wooden Posts (Annex B-1)

stated that each post should be anchored to a proper footing (foundation) through the use of straps and bolts of adequate size.

Floor

structural member that supports the dead loads

Floor slabs (Floor)

First Floor, should be at least 200 kilograms per square meter, and; for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square meter

Floor

a square meter of floor should be able to sustain in minimum a 200kg live load on the first floor, and 150kg live load for the second floor

Roof

provides protection from rain, gusty winds, and heat of sunlight

Wind loads for ROOF

shall be at least 120 kilograms per square meter for vertical projection.

Stairs

should be at least 750millimeters in clear width, with a minimum rise of 200millimeters and a minimum run of 200millimeters. These rise and run corresponds to the dimensions of a step in the stairs.

Entrance and Exit

access in a building includes a front door and a back door.

Electrical Requirements

Proper electrical system should be installed in a building. all electrical installation shall conform with the requirements of the Philippine Electrical Code.

Mechanical Requirements

building should also be properly installed i.e. large air-conditioning units, complex air shafts and vent ducts, escalators and elevators.

the mechanical systems and/or equipment installation shall be subject to the requirements of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code.

National Building Code of the Philippines

states that the measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.

Court

an open area or an open space surrounded by walls or buildings

Court

the minimum horizontal dimension of the court shall be not less than 2meters. All inner courts should be connected to a street or yard by a passageway with a minimum width of 1.2meters or by a door through a room or rooms.

Yard

any area of land that is immediately adjacent to a building or even a group of buildings which could either be enclosed or open

light well

an unenclosed space within a building which allows light and air pass inside the building.

light well

used to allow light and air reach the areas in the building that would otherwise be dark or unventilated due to various factors, one of which would be the internal and/or external design of the building

Courts, yards, and light wells

shall be measured clear of all projections or protrusions of any kind from the walls enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.2meters in width.

Ceiling

It adds up to the over-all ambiance of the room, it provides certain feeling of spaciousness or narrowness in a room by how the ceiling are designed, and it could also conceal various utilities installed underneath the floor slab on the upper floor level.

Habitable rooms

ceiling heights not less than 2.40meters measured from floor to the ceiling.

buildings more than one storey,

minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70meters and for the second storey shall be 2.40meters

succeeding storeys

not less than 2.10meters above the finished floor line.

rooms with natural ventilation

shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70meters.

Mezzanine floors

shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80meters above and below it

mezzanine floor

An intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to a very high floor level with ceiling below.

rooms for human habitation

at least 6m2 with a least dimension of 2meters

kitchens

at least 3m2 with a least dimension of 1.5meters,

bathrooms and toilets

least 1.2m2 with a least dimension of 0.9meters.

air space for a school room

least 3m3 of air space with a 1m2 of floor area per person