2.1.3 - termporal variations in river discharge
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29 Terms
What is river discharge
The amount of water passing any given point on the river at any one time
What is river discharge measured in
Cubic metres per second (cumecs)
What is base flow
The minimum amount of water in the river
what is a river regime used for
To show the changes in the flow of the river of a year
What are the 2 types of regime
simple regime
Complex regime
What is the simple regime
One high and one low discharge corresponding to the seasonal changes and precipitation changes
What is a complex regime
Several extremes of discharge per year
Which river would be A
A large river in the alps fed by glaciers
Which river would be B
A river in the Sahara
Which river would be C
A river in southern England flowing over permeable chalk
Which river would be D
A large river in the Mediterranean flowing over impermeable clays
What would A be
Discharge
What would B be
Lag time
What would C be
Peak discharge
What would D be
Overland flow
What would E be
Base flow
What would F be
Falling limb
What would G be
Rising limb
What is lag time
The time difference between peak discharge and peak rainfall
How can lag time be lengthened
More trees will mean there is more interception and more water absorbed by the roots so it will take longer to get back to the river
How can lag time be shortened
An impermeable surface means the water can just run straight over the top back into the river
What are the 2 types of hydrographs
flashy
Delayed
What is a flashy hydrograph
When there is a short lag time, steep rising and falling limbs
What is a delayed hydrograph
A long long time with a gentle rising and falling limb
What are antecedent conditions
The conditions of the weather and the soil before the storm
What is a circular drainage basin
When all point in the drainage basin are equidistant from the river, leading to a flashy hydrograph
What is an elongated basin
When some point in the drainage basin are further away from the river which leads to a longer lag time
What are factors that may lead to a flashy hydrograph
circular basin
Urban area
Heavy snowfall in warm spring
Deforestation
Small basin
What are some factors that lead to a delayed hydrograph
elongated basin
Agricultural land
Forested catchment
Permeable rock
