January 2025 Dose of Vetprep

Making a collection of the Dose of VetPrep sent out every Monday through Friday!

Which of these nerve blocks is used to examine the eyes of a horse?

Corneal nerve block

Oculomotor nerve block

Trigeminal nerve block

Auriculopalpebral nerve block

Auriculopalpebral nerve block

A horse presents to you with a corneal ulcer. You are concerned because it appears to be infected, as shown in this image. You perform cytology and find gram negative rods. What is the most likely organism infecting the corneal ulcer in this horse?

Pasteurella multocida

Staphylococcus spp.

E. coli

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas

A 10-year old male castrated cat that you have previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism presents to you for acute onset of blindness. You perform an ophthalmic exam and note retinal hemorrhage. What diagnostic test should you perform first?

Total T4 levels

Coagulation times

Blood pressure

Free T4 levels by equilibrium dialysis

Serum BUN and creatinine

Blood Pressure

A 7-year old female Lhasa Apso presents to you for lethargy and inappetence. On your exam, you detect mandibular lymphadenopathy and perform a fine needle aspirate. You see the aspirate depicted here. Which of these treatments would be given to this patient as part of a first line therapy?

Prednisone

Doxycycline

Carboplatin

Milbemycin

Itraconazole

Prednisone

Which of these is an adrenergic vasopressor in dogs?

Dopamine

Atropine

Glycopyrrolate

Hydralazine

Dopamine

The cat in the image below presents for lethargy, depression, and weakness. The cat can't seem to lift his head (as seen in this image). You recommend running a chemistry panel on the cat. What potential finding explains can explain the findings?

Low phosphorus

High urea nitrogen

Low calcium

High glucose

Low potassium

  Low potassium

A 6-year old Friesian cow presents to you with a mass on the left mandible (see image). The farmer reports that the mass has developed over the last several weeks and the cow has recently had some difficulty eating and lost weight. On examination, the mass is firm, immobile, and painful on manipulation. You note a thick discharge with small granular particles. Based on the most likely diagnosis, what should you tell the farmer?

The most effective treatment is oral sodium iodide

Intravenous penicillins are likely to be effective

Treatment with sodium iodide intravenously is likely curative but the cow's milk and meat will not be suitable for human consumption for 120 days

Treatment is unlikely to be successful and the cow should be culled

  Treatment is unlikely to be successful and the cow should be culled

What is the most common neoplasia seen in the equine stomach?

Mesothelioma

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Lymphosarcoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

An owner brings her 4-year old female Labrador Retriever to your clinic because she believes she might be pregnant. She does not remember when the dog's last heat cycle was. The dog's abdomen appears fairly distended and you take a lateral abdominal radiograph which is shown below. What would be the earliest time you would expect to be able to see fetal skeletons on abdominal radiographs in the dog?

43 days gestation

33 days gestation

23 days gestation

53 days gestation

 43 days gestation  

A 7-year old male intact Chesapeake Bay Retriever presents to your clinic with the presenting complaint of an intermittent cough. On exam, the dog is bright and alert with a temperature of 100.5F (38.1 C), heart rate of 110 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. You perform chest radiographs which are shown below. A CBC shows a hematocrit of 39% (35-57%), neutrophil count of 8,659/ul (2,900-12,000/ul), monocyte count of 984/ul (100-1,400/ul) and eosinophil count of 1,980/ul (0-1,300/ul). What is the treatment of choice for the most likely diagnosis?

Terbutaline

Immiticide (Melarsomine)

Furosemide

Pericardiocentesis

Enrofloxacin

Immiticide (Melarsomine)

Which of these drugs has the greatest potential for causing acute renal failure in the horse?

Dexamethasone

Neomycin

Oxytetracycline

Diphenhydramine

Xylazine

  Neomycin

A middle aged MN stray cat is left on the doorstep of your clinic. The cat has a large dry crusted area of alopecia over his nose. A skin scraping of the area is negative. The lesion fluoresces under Wood's lamp examination (see image). Which of the following would be the best treatment?

1. Doxycycline

2. Lufenuron

3. Athlete's foot cream (clotrimazole)

4. Full body lyme sulfur dip, itraconazole

5. Povidone-iodine scrub

  Full body lyme sulfur dip, itraconazole

You are asked to perform a necropsy on a 17-year old Standardbred mare on a large horse ranch. Although not related to the cause of death, you notice the parasite shown in the image within the stomach. You tell the owner that this parasite is also responsible for the eggs that he sees seasonally on the hair of the front legs of his horses. The owner asks what should be done about this. You discuss the importance of promptly cleaning up feces and transporting feces away. In addition, which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for ongoing control of this parasite?

Administer ivermectin twice annually, once in the early spring and again in the winter

Administer fenbendazole twice annually, once in the early summer and again in late summer

Administer fenbendazole twice annually, once in the early spring and again in the fall

Administer ivermectin twice annually, once in the early summer and again in the fall

There is no need to treat these parasites because they are not associated with disease in horses

  Administer ivermectin twice annually, once in the early summer and again in the fall

A 6-year old West Highland White Terrier comes in to see you for the mucopurulent ocular discharge as seen in the photo below. A Schirmer tear test shows no tear production. What is the treatment of choice for chronic canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

1. Systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids

2. Topical cyclosporine and systemic corticosteroids

3. Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid

4. Systemic cyclosporine and antibiotics

  Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid

A client brings the one-half inch grub shown in the image to you one spring day, telling you it emerged from a hole in the back of one of his prize show cattle. He wants to know what to treat his cattle with and when.

1. Organophosphates in summer

2. Thiabendazole in early fall

3. Ivermectin in early fall

4. Ivermectin in February

5. Moxidectin now, in spring

  Ivermectin in early fall

A 1.5-year old Quarter Horse gelding is presented to you for symmetric ataxia, weakness, and spasticity of all limbs, but worse in the hind limbs. When walking, the horse frequently drags his toes and the hind limbs frequently interfere with one another. Based on the signalment, history and physical examination findings, which of the following is the most likely cause of these clinical signs?

1. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

2. Equine Motor Neuron Disease (EMND)

3. Cauda Equina Syndrome

4. Botulism

5. Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (EDM)

Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (EDM)

Suzie-Q, a 6-month old female spayed domestic short hair was recently adopted from the humane society. She has had watery diarrhea since adoption. Her fecal float and Giardia ELISA tests were negative. She was treated with metronidazole with no clinical improvement. You soak a cotton tip swab with saline and swab the rectum. You see elongated motile oval shaped protozoan organisms that do not look like Giardia lamblia. What organism might this be and what is the appropriate therapy?

1. Tritrichomonas foetus, Ronidazole

2. Paragonimus kellicotti, Praziquantel

3. Taenia taeniaformis, Praziquantel

4. Cryptosporidium, Clindamycin

5. Enterobius vermicularis, Fenbendazole

6. Giardia intestinalis, Fenbendazole

Tritrichomonas foetus, Ronidazole  

You are examining a 13-year old Standardbred brood mare 5 hours after parturition. You note that the placenta is still present in the reproductive tract of the mare (see image). What is the most appropriate therapy?

1. Administer penicillin (IM) until the placenta is expelled on its own

2. Do nothing; the placenta is not considered retained until 12 hours post-parturition and it will likely be expelled by this time

3. Administer oxytocin (IM or IV) and lavage the uterus to facilitate removal

4. Place physical traction on the placenta and remove it manually

  Administer oxytocin (IM or IV) and lavage the uterus to facilitate removal

You are called out to examine a 4-year old dromedary who was castrated 10-days ago and is now not eating. The groin and prepucial area are extremely swollen. The camel is unable to stand and is drooling. His neck is extended and he appears to be unable to swallow. Which of the following is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

1. Rabies virus

2. Trypanosoma evansi

3. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

4. Clostridium tetani

  Clostridium tetani

A dog presents with acute onset vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea and fever. On fecal examination, you find many large fluke eggs. You question the owner and discover that the dog was recently in Oregon on a boating trip. What agent is most likely causing the clinical signs in this dog?

1. Rickettsia rickettsii

2. Oxytrema silicula

3. Nanophyetus salmincola

4. Neorickettsia helminthoeca

  Neorickettsia helminthoeca