DTHY 101: Endocrine System

Endocrine System

Made of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream and target other organs

functions of the endocrine system

regulation of growth, metabolism, tissue, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood

Adrenal gland

next to each kidney; secretes steroid hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex

secretes steroid hormones and regulates carb metabolism and salt water balance

adrenal medula

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

ovaries

each side of the uterus; secretes estrogen and progesterone

estrogen

development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulates reproduction

progesterone

regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy

pancreas

behind the stomach; releases insulin and glucagon

insulin

lowers blood glucose levels

glucagon

raises blood glucose levels

parathyroid gland

posterior of thyroid; makes and secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)

pineal gland

center of the brain; makes and secretes melatonin and serotonin

anterior pituitary gland

base of brain; makes and secretes TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, MSH, GH, and prolactin

posterior pituitary gland

makes and secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

testes

each side of scrotum; makes and secretes testosterone

thymus

mediastinal cavity; makes and secretes thymosin

thyroid

front of neck; makes and secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and calcitonin

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulates secretion from thyroid gland

adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen and sperm

luteinizing hormone (LH)

causes ovulation; stimulates progesterone by corpus luteum; causes secretion of testosterone

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

skin pigmentation

growth hormone (GH)

influences growth

prolactin

stimulates breast development and milk secretion

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

influences water absorption

oxytocin (OXT)

influences uterine contraction

melatonin

involved with circadian rhythm

serotonin

constricts blood vessels and acts as neurotransmitters

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

regulate metabolism

calcitonin

regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

regulates calcium levels in the body

thymosin

immune response

steroid hormones

glucorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens; control metabolism and salt water balance

epinephrine/norepinephrine

sympathetic NS (fight or flight)

aden/o

gland

adren/o, adrenal/o

adrenal gland

andr/o

male

crin/o

to secrete

disp/o

thirst

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

glucose

hormon/o

hormone

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bones

pancreat/o

pancreas

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland