Med - Term Chapter 12 Quiz Prep

albumin/o

albumin (a protein)

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

calcul/o

stone

cali/o

calyx

cyst/o

cyst; fluid sac; bladder

glomerul/o

glomerus

glyc/o, glycos/o

sugar; glucose

lith/o

stone; calculus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty (very small)

peritone/o

peritoneum

py/o

pus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone (Region of bladder)

ur/o

urine; urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

urin/o

urine

vesic/o

urinary bladder

a-, an-

not; without

dia-

complete; through

dys-

painful; difficult

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive

inter-

between

poly-

many; much

-al, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-cele

hernia; swelling protrusion

-e

(noun suffix with no meaning)

-gram

record; image

-iasis

abnormal condition

-lysis

breakdown; separation; loosening

-pexy

surgical fixation

-poietin

substance that forms

-sclerosis

hardening; thickening

-stitial

pertaining to standing or postitioned

-tripsy

crushing

-uria

urination; condition of urine

-us

structure; tissue; thing

Urinary system

major filtering system of the body

Functions of the Urinary System

Filtration

• Waste storage and

excretion

• Hormone production

• Homeostasis

maintenance

Filtration

separate

metabolic waste products, form urine

Waste Storage and Excretion

After urine has been

produced - it is carried

to the urinary bladder

through the ureters

• The urinary bladder

stores urine until the

urine is excreted

– along with excess

water and ions

Erythropoietin

a protein that stimulates red blood cell

production in your bone marrow.

Calcitriol

an active form of vitamin D that aids digestion by

promoting calcium absorption in your small

intestine

kidneys...

monitor your blood pressure and adjust blood

volume (the amount of water in your blood)

– control the levels of pH in blood

– regulate the balances of fluid and electrolytes

in your body.

Electrolytes

• Electrolytes are minerals that become ions when

dissolved in water. They are essential to various

physiological processes in the body

Kidneys

• filter waste products from the

blood and produce urine

Ureters

• Urinary bladder

• Urethra

• make up the urinary tract

• functions as the body’s

plumbing system

• responsible for draining urine

from the kidneys,

temporarily storing it in the

urinary bladder, and

excreting it during the act of

urination

Kidneys

2 bean-shaped organs

• Protected by layers of adipose

and connective tissue

• Each kidney is about the size of

a fist and weighs 4 to 6 ounces

• Filters metabolic waste

products, ions, and excess water

from the blood

• Forms urine

Renal Cortex

Contains more than one million microscopic

nephrons

– The nephron is the basic structural and

functional unit of the kidney

Filtration

the process of separating waste products out from

the blood

Reabsorption

the blood reclaims useful substances from the filtrate

that flows through the renal tubules

Secretion

Waste products, along with some water are pushed

into other tubules for excretion out of the body

Renal Medulla

• It contains many triangle-shaped tissue sections called

medullary pyramids

– Each pyramid contains tubules (small tubes) that

carry urine from the renal cortex to the renal calyces

• cup-like cavities that collect urine

Renal Pelvis

The tube through which urine

flows from the renal calyces to

the urinary bladder

• Lies on the medial side of each

kidney

• Contains the hilum

hilum

depression that serves as a

passageway for blood vessels,

lymphatic vessels, and

nerves.

Ureters

2 narrow tubes

– each about 10 to 12 inches long

• Transport urine from the renal

pelvises of the kidneys to the

urinary bladder

• Urine moves through the ureters by

means of gravity and peristalsis

– peristalsis is the involuntary

movement of substances through

a series of contractions.

Urinary Bladder

a hollow, muscular organ located

in the anterior portion of the

pelvic cavity

• serves as a reservoir (a place of

storage) for urine until the urine

can be expelled from the body

• Urine is passed into the bladder

through the ureteral openings,

where the ureters open into the

bladder

Urethra

A tube that transports urine from the

bladder to the outside of the body

• Before exiting the body, urine passes

through two urethral sphincters

– Composed of muscle tissue and work

together to control the flow of urine

• Female urethra is shorter than male

urethra

• Urethra exits through the urinary

meatus

• The male urethra carries not only urine,

but also sperm

– The male urethra functions as both a

urinary and a reproductive organ

Bowman’s capsule:

a membrane that

surrounds the glomerulus of each nephron

Glomerulus:

cluster of capillaries in the

shape of a tiny knot or ball

– The walls of the glomerulus, which are

very thin, allow water, salt, sugar, and

urea to leave the bloodstream

Urea:

waste product of proteins

broken down by the liver