HIST-105 Bach TAMU Exam 3 Review

What was the most distinguishing factor of the Old South?

Slavery

Who supported slavery in the South?

All whites

How did the Old South view the North?

Lazy and morally inferior

What did the South value?

Guns, honor, courage, and military

How did planters justify slavery?

Believed that they were caregivers and were being merciful

Why was there not many planters in the Upper and Border South?

Soil was not as good, couldn't sustain cotton

Which group of people in the Old South became some of the wealthiest in the world?

Cotton planters

Who controlled the South's political, economic, and social life?

Planters

What was the cult of honor?

White males maintain a public image (Unique to the south)

What happened in the South if one's honor was challenged?

A duel

What were women in the South more involved with than the North?

Economic life

What jobs did "plain white folk" usually have?

Overseer, driver, tenant farmers, day-laborers

What kind of jobs did free blacks usually have?

Unskilled jobs (bricklayers, shoemakers, servants)

What were some burdens put on free blacks?

Special tax and not allowed to leave the state

Average price of slaves __________ between 1800 and 1860

quadrupled

What was "The Fancy Trade?"

Pretty women were sold for sex

Describe the infant mortality rate of slaves

High; Half died within first year

Why were Sundays important for slaves?

Some worked for wages, prayed, or enjoyed activities if allowed

What were some special privileges of city slaves?

Could move about the city and work for wages usually

What was Afro-Christianity?

Mix of Old Testament Christianity with magic

What was Gabriel's Rebellion (1800)?

Gabriel tried to capture James Monroe and was executed with his soldiers

What was the German Coast Uprising (1811)?

Slaves killed all whites on their way to New Orleans, militia slaughtered them

What was Vesey's Revolt (1822)?

Revolt that never got off the ground

What was Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)?

Nat believed God told him to revolt and went house to house killing white families

What were some forms of slave resistance?

Faked illness, ran away, and sabotaged crops

What is deism?

Belief in a rational God, natural laws -> key to understanding the universe, questioned miracles

What is unitarianism?

Believed God was not divine, good deeds led to salvation, reason over emotion

What is universalism?

Believed God was too merciful to condemn anyone to hell, popular among intellectuals

What was the largest denomination of Christianity in 1860?

Methodist

Who was Francis Asbury?

Traveling evangelist who widely spread Methodism

Who was Jarena Lee?

First women allowed to preach in the African Methodist Episcopal Church

Who was Phoebe Worrall Palmer?

Held meetings in her home for men and women

Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

Preached salvation was based on the individual doing good works and attacking social issues

Who was Joseph Smith, Jr.?

Founder of Mormonism and published the Book of Mormon

What was the significance of Nauvoo, Illinois?

First place Mormons fled to after being forced out of New York

Who was Brigham Young?

Joseph Smith's successor and led one of the largest migrations to Salt Lake City

What is transcendentalism?

A movement that questioned science, emphasized thoughts, and stressed individual divinity

Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Transcendentalist leader who believed in perfectionism and that religion stifled free thought

What is "self-reliance?"

Essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson that stressed that real men live by their own conscience

Who was Henry David Thoreau?

Transcendentalist who believed in simple life and civil disobedience

What was the main idea of Walden?

Stressed living life deliberately and to transcend self-made limitations

What was the main idea of Civil Disobedience?

Individual law supersedes civil law

What was the demographic of most reformers?

White middle-class women

What was the most widespread movement of the antebellum reform movements?

Temperance

What did the Americans Temperance Union do?

Called for the abolition of alcoholic beverages

Who was Dorothea Dix?

Stood up for the rights of the mentally ill

What is the Auburn Penitentiary System?

Forces prisoners to work during the day and isolate during the night

What were the main ideas of Catherine Beecher's "A Treatise on Domestic Economy" (1841)?

Cult of domesticity: Women's contribution to society was in the home and in schools

Who were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott?

Called a convention and fought for women's' rights

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

First women's rights convention

What was the Declaration of Sentiments?

Document stating that all men AND women are created equal, only 1/3 signed

Who was against the women's rights movement?

Men and women

Who was Susan B. Anthony?

Pushed for women's suffrage following the Civil War

Why did some women loathe abolitionism?

Believed they themselves needed to be emancipated

What was the American Colonization Society?

A group against slavery who wanted to buy and free slaves then relocate them (Racist society)

Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

Created "The Liberator" and believed slavery was evil

What was Walker's Appeal?

Instilled pride in black readers and gave hope that change would come

What was the main conflict between immediatism and gradualism?

Immediatists wanted to end slavery immediately

Who were the Grimke sisters?

White sisters who fought for the abolishment of slavery and women's rights

What were some groups that broke off from the American Anti-slavery Society?

American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and the Liberty Party

Who was Frederick Douglass?

Former slave and abolitionist who wrote about the brutalities of slavery

Who was Sojourner Truth?

Escaped slave who fought for abolition and women's rights

What was the Underground Railroad?

A network system hidden to get slaves to freedom

Who was Harriet Tubman?

Escaped slave who helped people get through the Underground Railroad

Who was Elijah Lovejoy?

Abolitionist newspaperman who was killed by racist mob

What was Manifest Destiny?

America had a God given right to expand Christianity and capitalism westward

What was the Overland Trail?

Main route West

Who was Stephen F. Austin?

Empresario who moved American families into Mexico's Texas territory

What happened at the Alamo?

Mexico rushed and killed all Texan defenders

Who was Sam Houston?

First president of Texas and led troops to beat Santa Anna at the battle of San Jacinto

What was the Battle of San Jacinto?

Final battle of the Texas Revolution, defeating Mexico

What was the significance of John Tyler's presidency?

Raised tariff and was expelled by Whig party

Who won the election of 1844?

Democrat Polk won against Whig Clay

What was the significance of James Polk's presidency?

Signed treaty to annex Texas and vetoed internal improvement bills

What was the Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty?

Extended the border between the U.S. and Canada West to the the Pacific Coast

How did the Mexican-American War begin?

General Zachary Taylor went as close as possible to the Mexican-American Border and General Santa Anna and his army fired on Taylor

Who was Robert F. Stockton?

Captured Southern California during the Mexican-American War

What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

Mexico gave up lots of land in exchange for $15 million

What were the consequences of the Mexican-American War?

Gained America lots of land but was unjust

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Prohibited slavery in new Mexican territories

Why did Calhoun disagree with Wilmot Proviso?

He believed it violated the 5th amendment

What is popular sovereignty?

Residents of each territory would decide whether it would be slave or free state

Who won the election of 1848?

Whig Taylor beat Democrat Cass

What was the Compromise of 1850?

California became a free state, Utah and New Mexico decide, and fugitive slave act passed

Who won the election of 1852?

Democrat Pierce beat Whig Scott

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and opened popular sovereignty

What caused the Whig party to dissolve?

Kansas Nebraska Act

What was the "know nothing" party?

Group of nativists against immigration

Who made up the Republican Party?

Free-soilers, whigs, northern democrats, know nothings, anti slavery

What was Bleeding Kansas?

Violence between proslavery and antislavery supporters in Kansas

What happened during the Sack of Lawrence?

Slavery supporters attacked Lawrence Kansas, a city founded on antislavery values

Who was John Brown?

John Brown was a free soiler who lead a raid on an arsenal to get weapons for slaves to fight back

What was the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre?

John Brown killed 5 pro-slavery men

What did the fight between Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner lead to?

More people joining the Republicans

Who won the election of 1856?

Democrat Buchanan beat Republic Fremont

What caused Dred Scott v. Standford?

Scott was a slave who was taken to a state where slavery was illegal

What was the complication with Dred Scott court case?

Scott wanted to sue since he was liberated from slavery, but the court said he could not sue since he was not a citizen

What was the ruling of the Dred Scott case?

Congress did not have the power to take property without due process or take slaves away

What was the significance of the Dred Scott case?

It invalidated Republicans and revealed that the federal government was powerless to act on slavery

What was the Lecompton Constitution?

The pro-slavery Kansas constitution that applied for statehood but was denied twice