ap psych summer work

Nature v Nurture

the study of weather ur shaped more by your genes or your experiences

natural selection

when nature selects traits that best enable and organism to survive and reproduce

evolutionary psychology

how thoughts, feelings, and behavior have developed overtime

genome

our common set of genes

Environment

all the outside factors and experience that effect you after birth

heredity

genetic traits and characteristics you pass down from parents to children through DNA

DNA

molecule that contains the genetic instruction for building and maintaining an organism

genes

segments of DNA that act as instructions to make proteins

behavior genetics

study of how genes effect behavior

twin studies

compare identical and fraternal twins to see what traits are genetic

identical v fraternal twins

same DNA v like regular sibling DNA

adoption studies

compare traits of adopted kids to biological and adopted parents

epigenetic

study of how env can turn genes on and off

temperament

persons basic emotion reactivity and intensity

centeral nervous system

made up of the brain and spinal cord, which processes info and make desicison

reflexes

automatic, involuntary responses without conscious thought

peripheral nervous system

alll nerves outside the brain and spinal cord which carries

somatic nervous system

part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

automatic nervous system

part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions(heartbeat, digestion, breathing)

sympathetic nervous system

division of the ANS that activates “fight or flight” response in stress

parasympathetic nervous system

division of the ANS that calms the body and restores It to normal after stress

endocrine system

sends chemical messages through the blood to control body functions

hormones

chemical messenger that effects growth, mood, and behavior

adrenal gland

releases adrenaline and cortisol to handle stress

pituitary gland

master gland that controls growth and other glands

cortisol

stress hormone which helps regulate sleep cycle

melatonin

sleep hormone which helps regulate sleep cycle

ghrelin

hunger hormone makes you feel hungry

leptin

fullness hormone tells you to stop eating

phrenology

old ideas that bumps on the skull caulked real personality and metal abilities

biological psychologists

scientist who study how biology influences behavior and metal processes

Biopsychosocia approach

looks at behavior using 3 influences; biology, psychology, and social

neuroplastcity

the brains ability to change and rewire itself after learning or damage

electroencephalogram EEG

test that records brain waves using electrodes in the scalp

MEG

measures Brian activity using magnetic fields

CT

x-ray images that show brain structure

PET

show brain. activity by tracking glucose use

MRI

detailed picture of brain structure

fMRI

shows brain activity by tracking blood flow

lesioning

destroying braun tissue to study its function

Hindbrain

basic life function (breathing, heart rate)

mid brain

coordinates movement, sleep, arousal

forebrain

complex thinking, emotions, memory

medulla

controls breathing and heartbeat

pons

help w sleep and movement

reticular formation

nerve network that controls arousal and alertness

reticular activating system (RAS)

filters info, keeps you awake

Thalamus

relay station for senior info ( not smell)

cerebellum

balance, coordination, fine motor skills

amygdala

fear and anger

hypothalamus

hunger, thirst, body temp, sex drive

hippocampus

memory formation

pituitary gland

controls hormones

corpus callosum

connects left and right brain hemisphere

cerebem

largest part, responsible for higher thinking

cereal cortex

outer layer, info processing

frontal lobe

thinking, planning, movement, speech

parietal lobe

touch, body position

occipital lobe

vision

temporal lobe

hearing, language

motor cortex

controls voluntary movement

somatosensory cortex

processing touch and body sensations

association areas

high thinking, learning, memory

prefrontal cortex

decision making, personality

wernickes areas

language understanding

brocas area

language production (speaking)