Dental radiology class

Radiation

Energy that is radiated in the form of rays or waves or particles.

X-radiation

A high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube

X-ray

a beam of energy that has the power the penetrate substances. could also record images on receptors

radiograph

2D image representation of a 3D object

image receptor

A recording medium; examples include x-ray film, phosphor plate, or digital sensor

why do we take dental radiographs?

documentation, , patient education, treatment plan, localize disease, detect lesions, classify disease, evaluate growth and development, get a baseline

who is father of x-ray?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Pariapical radiograph

taken to assess bone levels

bitewing x-rays

looking at interproximal spaces to assess for caries

occlusal exam

-examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible on one image

complete/full mouth series

a series of intraoral dental images that show all the tooth-bearing areas of both jaws

images ranges from 14-20

Extraoral imaging examination

inspection used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws

descriptive terminology terms used for lesions

appearance, size, and location

Radiolucent

appears dark on a x-ray due to x-ray being able to pass through space or tissue

Radiopaque

white or light grey on a image due to x-ray not being able to penetrate it

radiolucent lesions

corticated or non corticated

corticated

thin, well-defined radiopaque rim of bone around radiolucent lesion

non corticated

No well-defined outline around a radiolucent lesion

Unilocular

having a single cavity/bubble

multilocular

multiple cavieties/bubbles

moth-eaten

full of small holes

focal opacity

well-defined, localized radiopaque lesion

target lesion

has a radiolucent rim and has radiopaque inside

multifocal confluent pattern

multiple radiopacities that appear to overlap or flow together

ground glass opacity

granular or pebbled radiopacity, resembling pulverized glass. Gives an "Orange Peel" appearance.

Mixed lucent-opaque lesion

Exhibits both a radiopaque and a radiolucent component

periapical

Around the apex of the tooth

inter-radicular

between the roots of two adjacent teeth

pericoronal

around crown of unerupted tooth

Edentulous zone

tooth bearing area that do not have teeth

cortical bone intraoral images

normally looks radiopaque

cancellous bone intraoral images

radiolucent

process (radiopaque)

any bony prominence or projection of bone

ridge (radiopaque)

linear prominence

spine (radipaque)

tubercle (radiopaque)

A small bump or nodule of bone

Tuberosity ( radiopaque)

rounded prominence

canal (radiolucent)

tube like passage

cavity (radiolucent)

compartment of bone

formane (radiolucent)

small little hole

fossa ( not so dense)

shallow depression

sinus (radiolucent)

hollow space or cavity in bone

suture ( radiolucent)

immovable joint the represents the union of two bones

septum ( radiopaque)

bony wall that separates cavities

pulp chamber is:

radiolucent

incisive foramen is :

radiolucent

the median palatine suture is :

radiolucent

the nasal cavity is:

radiolucent

the nasal septum is:

radiopaque

the lateral fossa is :

radiolucent

inferior nasal conchea is:

radiopaque

the lamina dura is:

radiopaque

lingual foramen is:

radiolucent

mental fossa is:

radiolucent

hamulus

hook-like bone that is radiopaque

who developed the first x-ray unit?

William H. Rollins

Dental Radiographer

Any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray imagereceptors

what are the three types of Intraoral Imaging Examinations?

periapical, interproximal, and occlusal technique

what is a corticated radiolucent lesion indicative of?

benign, slow-growingprocess

what is a non-corticated radiolucent lesion indicative of?

benign or malignant process

what is a Multifocal confluent pattern?

multiple radiopacities that appear to overlap or flow together

what is this?

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what normal anatomies are radiolucent?

canals, sinuses, foramen, fossas, sutures, and cavities

what is this?

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what is this?

what is this radiolucent area in the image?

When images are properly prescribed and exposed, their benefit

far outweighs the risk of small doses of x-radiation

what does a complete/Full Mouth Series do?

show all tooth-bearing areas of both jaws

Descriptive terminology is

NOT A DIAGNOSIS

purpose of radiation protection

to protect patient and operator from unnecessary exposure

What can X-Radiation cause?

biologic changes in living cells

inherit filtration

filtration built up in the glass envelope and protective housing, average about 0.5 - 1.0 mm Al/Eq

-glass envelope (and glass window)

-oil

added filtration

The filtration that is added to the port of the x-ray tube.

added in half millimeter increments

what does added filtration do?

filters out longer wave length filtration which have less energy

half-value layer

Thickness of aluminumrequired to reduce beamintensity by 1/2

what is total filtration?

Inherent filtration + Added filtration

Regulated by state and federal laws

at or below 70 kV require minimum

at least 1.5 mm aluminum filtration

above 70 kV filtration requires

at least 2.5 mm aluminum filtration

three characteristics of collimater

restricts size and shape of beam, reduces patient exposure, made of lead

two shapes of collimator

circle and rectangular

preferred shape of collimator

a rectangular shape, which reduce radiation by 60%

what might a rectangular collimator do?

cause more possible errors due to limited space

size of circular collimator

2.75 inches in diameter

what does is the PID?

Extension of the tubehead, Directs the x-ray beam, Lead-lined, open-ended

two lengths of the PID

8 and 16 inches

preferred length of PID

16 inches because longer = less radiation

although the longer PID is better, why would we use the shorter one?

easier to aim and less awkward

what the THE best way to reduce radiation exposure?

the use of a digital sensor

whys to protect patient from radiation exposure

shielding, digital sensors or fast film, BID's, exposure factors, and good technique

At least ___mm thickness of lead or lead equivalent

.25 mm of lead or lead equivalent for lead apron

placed over pt's chest and lap to protect ______ &______ tissues from scatter

reproductive organs and blood forming tissues