DNA and RNA Flashcards

Flashcards about DNA, RNA, and related concepts.

If the DNA template is: 5'-CATTAGATCG-3'

The complementary strand will be 3'-GTAATCTAGC-5'

Which statement is NOT correct about the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

Peptide bonds connect the bases down the middle of the DNA molecule.

Which part of a DNA molecule is considered the genetic code?

The nitrogenous bases

Which characteristic differentiates RNA from DNA?

Contains the base uracil

During DNA replication, synthesis of the lagging strand is discontinuous and forms short segments of DNA known as:

Okazaki fragments

What is the basis for the difference in the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules?

DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of the growing strand

Which of the following is NEVER a component of DNA?

Amino acid

The DNA strand has a backbone of alternating

Sugar and phosphate molecules

The site on a replicating DNA molecule at which the old strands are being separated is known as the

Replication fork

Which of the following could NOT be a codon (a triplet code of bases in mRNA)?

CGT

An example of a purine base is:

Adenine

The enzymes that break the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs during DNA replication are:

Helicases

A strand of DNA is a _ and can generate a new ___ strand of DNA

Template, complementary

The nitrogenous bases ___ contain 2 nitrogenous rings and are known as:

Adenine and guanine; purines

During DNA replication, each strand acts as a since it serves as a pattern for the generation of a new __.

Replicate; complementary strand

The specific nucleotide sequence at which DNA replication is initiated is known as the

Replication fork

In the ladder analogy of DNA structure, the rungs of the ladder are:

Paired nitrogenous bases

Semi-conservative replication means that:

One DNA molecule yields two molecules, one with both parental strands and one with both daughter strands

Which of the following processes describes the synthesis of RNA molecules as directed by a DNA strand?

Transcription

Which is of the following is NOT needed during replication or transcription?

Ribosomes

Which of the following is not true of a codon?

It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule

RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in the process of , which utilizes the enzyme _.

Transcription; RNA polymerase

Where in the cell does transcription take place?

In the nucleus

The RNA molecule which serves as the template for translation is:

mRNA

RNA polymerase dominates the process of:

Transcription

Which step follows the transcription of mRNA from DNA?

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

The following diagram represents which cellular process?

Transcription

What is represented by Reaction 1 in the diagram shown below?

Transcription

The following statements about the codon are true EXCEPT

The codon is a triplet of bases on the transfer RNA (tRNA)

The role of RNA polymerase is to:

Bind ribonucleotides together during transcription

Regulatory proteins that can inhibit the synthesis of a protein (enzyme) by stopping gene transcription are called:

Repressors

What is this technique an example of?

Genetic engineering

The genes which serve as a building site for RNA polymerase in DNA transcription are called:

Promoter genes

In a bacterial cell, a relatively small, self-replicating circular DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosome is a(n):

Plasmid

The term which describes a specific pattern and linkage of structural genes, their promoter, operator, and regulatory sites, is called a(n):

Operon

Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of a molecule which blocks a gene adjacent to the structural genes?

Regulatory gene

In the lac-operon model, the presence of lactose turns on the operon. Lactose is functioning as a(n):

Inducer

The protein binding and blocking the operator gene in the operon model of gene control is the:

Repressor