Lab Exam 2

The cranial bones are classified as _____ bones

Flat

Most carpal and tarsal bones are classified as ____ bones

Short

Bones found within tendons are classified as

Sesamoid

Bones of the forearm are classified as ___ bones

Long

A bone that will not fit into any other category is called

Irregular

The tough outer covering of a bone is called the __

Periosteum

The hollow cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ___

Medullary Cavity

____ marrow is primarily fat

Yellow

The expanded ends of a long bone are called the ____

Epiphysis

The shaft of the long bone is called the ____

Diaphysis

The ___ is the band of cartilage present in bones that have not fully ossified.

Epiphyseal Plate

_____ Cartilage covers the ends of a typical long bone

Articular

Location of Skeletal tissue

Mostly attached to skeleton

Location of cardiac tissue

Heart

Location of smooth tissue

walls of hollow organs, skin & eyes

Movement of skeletal tissue

Voluntary

Movement of cardiac tissue

Involuntary

Movement of smooth tissue

Involuntary

Structure of skeletal tissue

Long, cylindrical, striated, multinucleated

Structure of cardiac tissue

short, wide, branching, striated with intercalated discs, single or two nuclei.

Structure of smooth tissue

thin, spindle-shaped, non-striated, single nuclei.

Function of skeletal tissue

produces movement of the body

Function of cardiac tissue

produces beating of the heart

Function of smooth tissue

changes diameter of hollow organs, erect hairs, adjust shape of lens & size pupil

Timmy is an 8-year-old baseball player who recently suffered a simple fracture in his distal tibia. Doctor is concerned that it’s near the epiphyseal plate. Why?

The epiphyseal plate/growth plate is responsible for the increased growth of a long bone. If damaged, could interfere with bone growth

Patient suffers form sever and persistent anemia, doctor orders a test that inserts a needle into a bone to withdraw tissue. Will the needle enter the spongy or compact bone?

Spongy bone contributes to bone strength, but its primary function is hematopoiesis. (formation of blood cells)

Rickets weakens bones. Legs bow due to not enough vitamin D or calcium. Why would loss of calcium make bones less strong & more flexible?

Calcium is the main mineral maintaining bone density and strength. Less calcium & vitamin D would weaken the bone

Osteoporosis leads to weakened & porous bones, common in post-menopausal women. What change in bone cell activity causes osteoporosis

osteoclasts maintain their activity & osteoblasts decrease their activity.

Neuroglial Cells

form myelin

Peripheral Nervous System contains: (2 types)

Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells

Multipolar neurons:

1 axon, 2+ dendrites, motor/efferent neurons.

Bipolar neurons:

1 axon, 1 dendrite, afferent special sense organs

Pseudounipolar neurons:

single short process splits into 2 axons, touch, pain, vibration sensations

Nissl bodies

rough ER and ribosomes for protein synthesis

Neurons

primary signaling units

31

Cerebrum of the brain

32

Cerebellum of the brain

33

Corpus Callosum of the brain

34

Corpus Callosum of the brain

35

Thalamus of the brain

36

Hypothalamus of the brain

37

Pineal gland of the brain

38

Frontal lobe of the cerebrum

39

Parietal lobe of the cerebrum

40

Occipital lobe of the cerebrum

41

Midbrain of the brain stem

42

Pons of the brain stem

43

Medulla of the brain stem

1

frontal bone of the skull

2

Lacrimal bone of the skull

3

Nasal bone of the skull

4

Zygomatic bone of the skull

5

Maxilla of the skull

6

inferior nasal concha of the skull

14

ethmoid bone

15

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

16

temporal bone of the skull

17

occipital bone of the skull

18

coronal suture of skull

19

Parietal bone of the skull

20

Sagittal suture of skull

21

Frontal bone of the skull

22

Mandibular condyle of the skull

23

Coronoid process of the skull

52

Lambdoid suture of skull

1

Radius

2

Ulna

3

Femur

4

Bones of the foot

5

Bones of the hand

6

Fibula

7

Tibia

1

Clavicle

2

Scapula

3

Patella

4

Vertebrae

5

Sternum

Lamellae

Provide strength to your bone

Trabecula

Air-filled cavity within spongy bone

44

Frontalis muscle of the face

45

Orbicularis oculi muscle of the face

46

Nasalis muscle of the face

47

Orbicularis oris of the face

48

Zygomaticus muscle of the face

49

Masseter muscle of mastication

50

Temporalis muscle of mastication

51

Occipitalis muscle of the skull

1

rectus sheath

2

rectus abdominis

3

linea alba

4

internal oblique

5

transversus abdominis

6

external oblique

8

inguinal ligament

1

external oblique

2

internal intercostals

3

external intercostals

4

internal oblique

5

rectus abdominis

1

actin