General Physics 2

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53 Terms

1

radio and tv waves

accelerating charges

Communications remote controls

MRI

Requires controls for band use

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2

microwave

Accelerating charges & thermal agitation

Communications, ovens, radar

Deep heating

Cell phone use

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3

infrared

Thermal agitations & electronic transitions

Thermal imaging, heating

Absorbed by atmosphere

Greenhouse effect

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4

visible light

Thermal agitations & electronic transitions

All pervasive

Photosynthesis, Human vision

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5

ultraviolet

Thermal agitations & electronic transitions

Sterilization, Cancer control

Vitamin D production

Ozone depletion, Cancer causing

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6

x-rays

Inner electronic transitions and fast collisions

Medical Security

Medical diagnosis, Cancer therapy

Cancer causing

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7

gamma rays

Nuclear decay

Nuclear medicine, Security

Medical diagnosis, Cancer therapy

Cancer causing, Radiation damage

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8

transparent

If the material is _ to the particular

frequency, then the wave can largely be

transmitted.

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9

opaque

If the material is _ to the frequency, then

the wave can be totally reflected.

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10

absorbed

The wave can be_ by the material,

indicating that there is some interaction

between the wave and the material, such as the

thermal agitation of molecules.

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11

radio and tv waves

  • is defined to contain any electromagnetic wave produced by

currents in wires and circuits.

  • carrier of audio information

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12

amplitude modulation

AM

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13

frequency modulation

FM

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14

50 or 60hz

The lowest commonly encountered radio

frequencies are produced by high-voltage AC

power transmission lines at frequencies of

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15

extremely low frequency

radio waves of

about 1 kHz are used to communicate with

submerged submarines.

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16

AM radio waves

are used to carry commercial

radio signals in the frequency range from 540

to 1600 kHz.

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17

FM radio waves

are also used for commercial

radio transmission, but in the frequency range

of 88 to 108 MHz.

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18

electromagnetic waves

Astronomers and astrophysicists collect signals from outer

space using

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19

pollution

A common problem for astrophysicists is the _

from electromagnetic radiation pervading our surroundings

from communication systems in general.

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20

microwaves

  • are the highest-frequency

electromagnetic waves that can be produced by

currents in macroscopic circuits and devices.

  • Microwave frequencies range from about 109

    Hz to the highest practical LC resonance at

    nearly 1012 Hz.

  • short wavelengths

  • produced by accelerating electrons

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21

radar

is a common application of microwaves that was

first developed in World War II.

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22

doppler shift

be used to

determine the speed of a car or the intensity of a

rainstorm.

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23

sophisticated radar systems

used to map the Earth

and other planets, with a resolution limited by

wavelength.

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24

infrared radiaion

radiation is generally produced

by thermal motion and the vibration and

rotation of atoms and molecules.

  • means “below red”

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25

night-vision scopes

can detect the infrared

emitted by various warm objects, including

humans, and convert it to visible light.

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26

reconnaissance satellites

can detect

buildings, vehicles, and even individual

humans by their infrared emissions, whose

power radiation is proportional to the fourth

power of the absolute temperature.

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27

visible light

is the narrow segment of the

electromagnetic spectrum to which the

normal human eye responds.

  • produced by vibrations

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28

red light

has the lowest frequencies

and longest wavelengths,

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29

violet

has the highest frequencies and

shortest wavelengths.

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30

blackbody radiation

peaks in the visible part of the

spectrum but is more intense in the

red than in the violet, making the Sun

yellowish in appearance.

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31

optics

is the study of the behavior of visible

light and other forms of electromagnetic

waves.

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32

ray optics

is the study of such situations

and includes lenses and mirrors.

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33

ultraviolet radiation

  • “above violet”

  • extend upward from violet, the

    highest-frequency visible light.

  • also produced by atomic and

    molecular motions and electronic transitions.

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34

uv a

320-400nm

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35

uv b

290-320nm

  • causes skin cancer

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36

uv c

220-290nm

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37

x-rays

  • This radiation was called an _, because its identity

and nature were unknown.

  • have adverse effects on living cells similar to

those of ultraviolet radiation, and they have the

additional liability of being more penetrating,

affecting more than the surface layers of cells.

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38

gamma rays

  • The most penetrating nuclear radiation

  • an extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave.

  • are any electromagnetic radiation emitted by a

    nucleus.

  • identical to X-

    rays of the same frequency—they differ only in

    source.

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39

light

is an electromagnetic radiation that has

properties of waves and particles.

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40

echo

is a reflected sound wave.

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41

refraction

is the bending of light as it

passes from one medium to another.

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42

images

are formed when light

strikes a reflecting surface, such

as mirror or lens.

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43

mirrors and lenses

are very

essential in our daily living.

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44

cornea

You can see because of the _

lens of your eye.

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45

plane mirrors

The flat mirror that we can see

everywhere.

When light strike a plane mirror, the light

rays obey the law of plane mirror

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46

concave mirror

a mirror that

curves inward like a hollow inside a

sphere. The light hitting the surface of a

concave mirror that converges.

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47

convex mirror

a mirror that

curves outward, like outside of a sphere.

It diverge the light and creating only

virtual image.

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48

center of curvature (C)

center of the circle

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49

focus (F)

one-half of the radius

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50

vertex (V)

the point where the mirror crosses

the principal axis.

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51

principal axis

a line drawn through the

vertex.

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52

focal length (f)

the distance from the focus

to the vertex of the mirror

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53

radius of curvature

the distance between the

center of curvature to the vertex of the mirror.

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