Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electron Configuration, and Periodicity

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts from the lecture on the Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electron Configuration, and Periodicity.

Quantum Mechanical Model

A model that describes the behavior of electrons in atoms as a cloud of probability.

Principal Energy Levels

Regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found, denoted by principal quantum numbers.

Electron Configuration

A notation that shows the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical properties.

Lewis Dot Diagram

A graphical representation of the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the element's symbol.

Speed of Light (c)

The speed at which light travels in a vacuum, approximately 3.0 \times 10^8 m/s.

Atomic Radii

The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell, typically measured in picometers.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Electron Affinity

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom.

Periodic Table Trends

Patterns observed in the properties of elements as one moves across or down the periodic table.

Alkali Metals

Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, characterized by their reactivity and tendency to form +1 ions.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements in Group 2 of the periodic table, known for their reactivity and formation of +2 ions.

Halogens

Elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for their high reactivity and formation of -1 ions.

Noble Gases

Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, recognized for their lack of reactivity due to full electron shells.

Amplitude

The maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.

Crest

The point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle.

Wavelength

The spatial period of a periodic wave

Trough

The lowest point of a wave, corresponding to the minimum value or downward displacement.

Valence Electron Trend

The number of valence electrons increases as one moves from left to right across a period (row) in the periodic table, generally from 1 to 8 for main group elements.

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time. It is typically measured in Hertz (Hz).

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by frequency or wavelength.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Orbitals

A mathematical function that describes the wavelike behavior of an electron in an atom, defining a region where an electron is most likely to be found.

Electron Configuration Pattern in Periodic Table

The layout of the periodic table reflects the filling of electron orbitals: 's-block' for s-orbitals, 'p-block' for p-orbitals, 'd-block' for d-orbitals, and 'f-block' for f-orbitals.

Atomic Line Spectra

The unique pattern of

Amplitude

The maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.

Crest

The point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle.

Wavelength

The spatial period of a periodic wave

Trough

The lowest point of a wave, corresponding to the minimum value or downward displacement.

Valence Electron Trend

The number of valence electrons increases as one moves from left to right across a period (row) in the periodic table, generally from 1 to 8 for main group elements.

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time. It is typically measured in Hertz (Hz).

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by frequency or wavelength.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Orbitals

A mathematical function that describes the wavelike behavior of an electron in an atom, defining a region where an electron is most likely to be found.

Electron Configuration Pattern in Periodic Table

The layout of the periodic table reflects the filling of electron orbitals: 's-block' for s-orbitals, 'p-block' for p-orbitals, 'd-block' for d-orbitals, and 'f-block' for f-orbitals.

Atomic Line Spectra

The unique pattern of colored lines that appear when an atoms electrons emit photons of specific wavelengths

What’s the trend of atomic radius

It increases down a family and decrease L to R

What is Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity trend’s

It decreases down a family and increase L to R