WEEK 3 - Host-Microbe Interactions 3

Virulence factors encoded in genomic regions of pathogens

Pathogenicity Islands

Mobile genetic elements that contribute to the change and spread of virulence among bacterial populations and variety of species

Pathogenicity Islands

A group or community of organisms capable of adhering to each other or to other surfaces

Group or community of microorganisms

An accumulation of microorganisms embedded in a polysaccharide matrix

Biofilm

Used by pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to implants and prosthetic devices

Formation of biofilm

Organisms associated with biofilm formation in artificial prosthetics and indwelling devices

Candida albicans, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.

Organism associated with food-borne contamination and biofilm formation

Listeria monocytogenes

What is the process where a pathogen encounters and colonizes the host surface?

Encounter and entry

What is the stage where the pathogen multiplies and breaches host surface defenses?

Colonization and entry

What occurs when a pathogen invades deeper tissues and spreads through the host?

Invasion and dissemination

What is the final outcome of host-pathogen interaction that includes leaving the host, latency, destruction of host, or being destroyed?

Outcome

What is the first stage in the corresponding infection-disease process with no signs or symptoms?

Incubation stage

What stage shows first signs and symptoms and where the pathogen may be highly communicable?

Prodromal stage

What stage is marked by peak characteristic signs and symptoms of infection?

Clinical stage

What stage may involve deterioration or improvement of host as symptoms begin to subside?

Stage of decline

What stage includes full recovery, chronic infection development, or death?

Convalescent stage

What type of infection develops quickly?

Acute infections

What type of infection develops and progresses slowly over years?

Chronic infections

What are measurable indications or physical observations of disease?

Signs

What are indicators described by the patient?

Symptoms

What strategy involves avoiding direct contact or using protective measures like gloves or condoms?

Preventing transmission

What method blocks airborne microorganisms, such as wearing masks or isolating infected individuals?

Preventing transmission

What is the sterile practice used during medical procedures to prevent the spread of pathogens?

Preventing transmission

What method of prevention involves cleaning and killing pathogens in the environment?

Sanitation and disinfection

What waste management practice helps control microbial reservoirs?

Sewage treatment

What is a method of making food safe to prevent infection?

Food preservation

What treatment ensures water is safe for consumption?

Water treatment

What method involves reducing the population of animals that carry disease?

Control of pests and insect vector populations

What medical procedure introduces immunity to prevent infection?

Immunization or vaccination

What method involves cleaning and applying antiseptics to prevent infection after exposure?

Cleansing and use of antiseptics

What is the preventive use of antimicrobial drugs before or shortly after exposure?

Prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents