HUN1201 Exam 1

In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a ____.​

A. theory​

​B. prediction

C. deduction​

​D. correlation

E. hypothesis

Hypothesis

The RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally ____.​

A. he minimum amounts that average people need

​B. designed to prevent deficiency diseases in half the population

​C. more than twice as high as anyone needs

​D. reflective of current dietary preferences

E. designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people

designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people

The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is known as the​

​A. Daily Recommended Value.

B. Recommended Dietary Allowance.

C. Necessary and Sufficient Intake​.

​D. Adequate Intake.

​E. Tolerable Upper Intake Level.

Recommended Dietary Allowance

What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?​

45-65%

Which statement is true of nutrient intakes?​

​A. A typical intake falling between the RDA and the EAR is almost always adequate.

​B. Intakes below the EAR decrease risk of deficiency.

C. Intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity.​

​D. Higher intakes are always safer than lower intakes.

​E. Intakes above the RDA are required to be safe.

Intakes above the UL put an individual at high risk of toxicity

​What is the AMDR for fat?

20-35%

The term organic, as related to compounds, would be best defined as ____.

​substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Which nutrient source will yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?​

A. animal carbohydrates

​B. plant proteins

​C. plant carbohydrates

D. plant fats

​E. animal proteins

plant fats

How does a double-blind experiment work?​

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group.

Gram for gram, which class of nutrient provides the most energy?​

fats

The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to ____.​

A. ​treat people with diet-related disorders

​B. assess adequacy of only vitamins and minerals

C. diagnose diet-related disorders​

D. plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

E. assess adequacy of all required nutrients

plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19%

Which nutrient is an organic compound?​

​A. water

B. vitamin C

​C. salt

D. iron​

​E. calcium

Vitamin C

Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?​

​A. minerals

​B. fat-soluble vitamins

​C. water-soluble vitamins

D. ​proteins

​E. water

Proteins

What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient represent?​

​The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people

What are the principles of diet planning?​

Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

What is a feature of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food label?​

​A. Trans fat content is optional.

​B. Naturally present sugars are excluded.

​C. Soluble and insoluble fiber must be listed separately.

D. ​Saturated fat must be listed.

​E. Unsaturated fats must be listed.

​Saturated fat must be listed.

A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a ____.​

​A. health claim

B. ​nutrient claim

​C. research-based claim

​D. structure-function claim

E. weight reduction claim

nutrient claim

Which of the following is required in the list of nutrients on a food label?

A. potassium

B. sugar substitute

C. magnesium

D. calcium

calcium

In which food group are legumes found?​

protein

Nutrient dense refers to foods that ____.​

​A. provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

​B. are higher in weight relative to volume

​C. give the most protein for the consumer’s food dollar

​D. carry the USDA nutrition labeling

​E. contain a mixture of carbohydrate, fat, and protein

provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

Which of the following is NOT required on food labels?

A. a health claim

B. the net contents of package

C. the ingredient list

D. the name and address of the vendor

a health claim

Which of the following would be a source of protein?​

​A. butter

​B. high fructose corn syrup

C. ​tofu

​D. corn starch

​E. diglycerides

tofu

Which food items are consumed in the diet of a lactovegetarian?

​milk products and plant foods only

During digestion, bicarbonate is produced by_____,the purpose of bicarbonate is to___________.

A. Liver; neutralize pH

B. Small intestine; neutralize pH

C. Pancreas; decrease pH

D. Pancreas; neutralize pH

Pancreas; neutralize pH

Which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?

stomach

​One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.

control the passage of food through the GI tract

Fiber is absorbed in the small intestine (T/F)

False

The first section of the small intestine is called the

duodenum

​One function of the gallbladder is to ____.

store bile

​What is the normal pH of the gastric juice?

2

What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?

​Lower esophageal sphincter

​What is the function of bile?

It emulsifies fats

What best describes the normal pH of the stomach?

very acidic

Bile is produced by the

liver

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Protects stomach cells from gastric juices

The gastrointestinal microbiome is comprised primarily of ____.

bacteria

What is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

​What is the composition of sucrose?

one glucose and one fructose unit

______________ is the preferred source of energy for the brain and nerve cells.

glucose

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

glycogen

​What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?

lactose

What is the sweetest-tasting monosaccharides in the diet?

fructose

​In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?

muscle and liver

​What is the composition of lactose?

​one glucose and one galactose unit

​The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is called ____.

hydrolysis

What is the recommended intake of dietary fiber?

14 grams per 1000 kcal

​What is the primary function of insulin?

​lowering blood glucose levels

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

insulin

Most carbohydrate digestion occurs in __________

small intestine

According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake?

35

In the digestion of fats, ______ acts as emulsifier.

bile

List the function(s) of fat in the body:

Shock Absorption, Skin insulation, energy sources, Cell membrane material

All of the above

Which type of lipid is used to synthesize the fat-soluble vitamin D?

cholesterol

Bile is released from gallbladder into___________ in order to facilitate fat digestion

small intestine

The major fat-digesting enzyme in the small intestine is .

pancreatic lipase

Which of the following contains mostly saturated fatty acids and is solid in room temperature?

butter

​Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

A. ​Roasted turkey

B. Coconut oil

​C. Roasted peanuts

​D. Corn

​E. Olives

Roasted Turkey

Which product is considered a major source of polyunsaturated fat?​

corn oil

Which product provides abundant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids?​

flaxseed oil

Protein digestion starts in the _____________, where _______________ denatures proteins.

Stomach, hydrochloric acid

What percentage of total calorie should be provided by protein?

10-35%

The application of heat or acid to a protein that causes its shape to change is known as ____.

denaturation

Which of the following is an example of complementary proteins?

A. Black beans and rice

B. animal proteins

C. soy proteins

D. rice proteins

E. almond proteins

black beans and rice

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?​

A. Cysteine

B. Leucine

C. Glutamine

D. Serine

E. Alanine

Leucine

Which of the following is not a function of protein in the body?

help with fat digestion

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid in human nutrition?​

A. Proline

B. Threonine

C. Methionine

D. Tryptophan

E. Phenylalanine

Proline

​When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a ____.

dipeptide

What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?​

The side group

If body synthesizes protein more than it degrades, this means the body is in___________________

positive nitrogen status

Which process describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?

metabolism

​Where do the TCA cycle reactions take place?

Inner compartment of the mitochondria

How many net ATP is generated during glycolysis?

2

Glycolysis

converts glucose to pyruvate

Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of ____.

Acetyl CoA

A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for ____.

mitochondria

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

ATP

Which cellular organelle is the primary site for ATP production?

mitochondrion

​What is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol?

liver

During gluconeogenosis, ____________________

glucose is generated

An anaerobic reaction is one that does not require ____.

oxygen

Which of the following(s) is(are) examples of alcohol's damage to our body?

A. Malnutrition

B. All of the above

C. Micronutrients deficiency

D. Dehydration

all of the above

Which of the following metabolic reaction releases energy?

​A. ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP.

​B. ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP.

C. ADP and ATP cycle back and forth repeatedly.​

​D. ADP gains a phosphate group and becomes ATP.

​E. ATP gains a phosphate group and becomes ADP.

​ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP.

What is the AMDR for protein?

10-35%

Which of the following food groups are emphasized by Dietary Guidelines for Americans? 

a. Fruits

b. Whole grains

c. All of these

d. Vegetables

All of these

The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the ____.​

 a. germ

 b. bran

 c. chaff

 d. endosperm

 e. husk

endosperm

Which recommendation is part of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

a. Become vegetarians.

b. Practice good food hygiene.

c. Reduce seafood consumption.

d. Balance calories.

e. Limit protein foods intake.

Balance kcalories

Which of the following nutrients provides a source of energy for the body?

a. carbohydrates

b. vitamins

c. minerals

d. water

carbohydrates

​What type of nutrient is starch?

complex carbohydrate

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

glucagon

In which form are most dietary lipids found?

Triglycerides

Which of the following is a good food source of omega-3 fat?​

​a. Coconut

​b. Ice cream 

​c. Soybeans

d. Salmon

e. Olives

Salmon

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

a. Stearic acid

​b. Lecithin

c. Adipokine

d. Cholesterol

e. Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid