Vocab Terms + Key Figures Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrial growth and technological advancements in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Industrialization

The process of developing industries and moving from agricultural to manufacturing economies.

Factors of Production

The resources needed to produce goods and services: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

Crop Rotation

The practice of changing crops grown in a field to maintain soil fertility.

Entrepreneur

A person who starts and operates a business, taking on financial risks.

Factories/Factory System

Large-scale production facilities using machines and workers to produce goods.

Enclosures

The process of consolidating small farms into larger, more efficient ones in Britain.

Urbanization

The growth of cities and the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.

Middle Class

A social class between the working class and the wealthy, often involved in business and professional work.

Steamboats

Boats powered by steam engines, revolutionizing transport on rivers and oceans.

Railroads

Train systems that transport goods and people over land using tracks.

Assembly Line

A manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequence by workers or machines.

Interchangeable parts

Identical parts made to fit any device of the same type, improving mass production.

Telegraph

A system for sending messages over long distances using coded electrical signals.

Electric Battery

A device that stores electrical energy for use in various applications.

Factory Acts

Laws that improved working conditions in factories, such as limiting working hours and child labor.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to protect their rights and interests.

Socialism

An economic system where the means of production are owned and regulated by the community or government.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and collective ownership of all property.

Pasteurization

The process of heating liquids to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to stimulate immunity against disease.

Antiseptic

A substance used to prevent infection by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

Monopoly

A market structure where one company or entity dominates the supply of a product or service.

Jethro Tull

Invented the seed drill, revolutionizing farming by allowing for more efficient planting of crops.

Cyrus McCormick

Developed the mechanical reaper, which increased efficiency in harvesting crops and contributed to agricultural growth.

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone, greatly advancing communication technology.

Orville & Wilbur Wright

Pioneered the first successful powered flight, advancing transportation and technology.

James Watt

Improved the steam engine, making it more efficient and vital for the Industrial Revolution.

Thomas Edison

Invented the electric light bulb and developed the electric power industry, transforming daily life and industrial operations.

Karl Marx

“Father of Communism” Co-authored The Communist Manifesto, promoting ideas about class struggle and advocating for a revolution to overthrow capitalism.

Friedrich Engels

Co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx, advocating for a working-class revolution and the establishment of socialism.

M.A.I.N

Causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, and Nationalism.