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Sargon
The first Mesopotamian ruler to gain control of multiple city-states, as the Semitic-speaking peoples began to dominate the region.
Black Death
bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe
Phoenicians
Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium BCE.
Ibn Battuta
Moroccan Muslim scholar
Euphrates
River next to Tigris in Mesopotamia
Song Empire
empire in central and southern China (960-1126)
Renaissance
intense artistic and intellectual activity, "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture.
Inka
Largest and most powerful Andean empire.
Alexander the Great
King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323.
Sunnis
Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership.
Hammurabi
Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 BCE).=
Yuan Empire
Empire in China created by Khaubalil Khan
Neo-Assyrian
Empire An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine, conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries BCE.
Hinduism
A general term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity.
Medieval
Middle age
Ming Empire
Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire.
caravel
A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route
Hundred Years' War
France V. England
Li Shimin
One of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second emperor (r.
626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia.
Sumerians
The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE
Shi'ites
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shiism is the state religion of Iran
Maya
Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire.
Armenia
One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language.
Charlemagne
King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814).