Final

Sargon

The first Mesopotamian ruler to gain control of multiple city-states, as the Semitic-speaking peoples began to dominate the region.

Black Death

bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe

Phoenicians

Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium BCE.

 Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim scholar

Euphrates

River next to Tigris in Mesopotamia

Song Empire

empire in central and southern China (960-1126)

Renaissance

intense artistic and intellectual activity, "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture.

Inka

 Largest and most powerful Andean empire.

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323.

Sunnis

Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership.

Hammurabi

Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 BCE).=

Yuan Empire

Empire in China created by Khaubalil Khan

Neo-Assyrian

Empire An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine, conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries BCE.

Hinduism

A general term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity.

Medieval

Middle age

Ming Empire

Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire.

caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic

 Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route

 Hundred Years' War

France V. England

Li Shimin

One of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second emperor (r.

626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia.

Sumerians

The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE

Shi'ites

Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shiism is the state religion of Iran

Maya

Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire.

Armenia

One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language.

Charlemagne

King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814).