World History Chapter 20 - WWII

Who were the leaders of Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany right before WWII started and what form of politics did they use?

Mussolini led Italy and establish a fascism form of government, Stalin led the Soviet Union and created a communist government, Hitler had a German brand of fascism which was based on extreme nationalism.

What were Japan's goals in Asia and what was the name of their Chief of Staff (Kwantung Army)?

Japan wanted to grow their territory, access resources, seize control of Manchuria.

What were some things Hitler did in Europe that caused WWII?

Broke the Treaty of Versailles by leaving the League of Nations, beginning a military buildup, & sending troops into the Rhineland (region between Belgium & France)

What were the the main things that were included in the Neutrality Acts?

They outlawed arms or loans to nations at was as well as prohibiting arms sale and loans to nations engaged in civil wars.

What was the Cash-and-Carry method?

Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships.

What did the Lend-Lease Act do?

Allowed the president to lend or lease arms and other supplies to "any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.

What was the date of Pearl Harbor & what did FDR say about it?

Dec. 7, 1941 & FDR said it's a day that will live in infamy.

Who was the leader of the armed forces mobilization effort and also played an important role in developing the nation's military strategy?

George Marshall

What did the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) allow women to do?

Allowed them to volunteer to serve in noncombat positions in the war.

What did the Office of War Information do?

Spread propaganda in favor of the war

What was the name of the office that coordinated all government agencies involving the war effort?

Office of War Mobilization

What did the Office of Price Administration do?

Froze prices of most goods, & raised tax rates while also taxing people who hadn't paid before.

What did the War Production Board do?

Decided which companies would change from peacetime to wartime productions, like Ford not building cars during the war.

Who won the case between Korematsu v. US dealing with the Executive Order and Japanese Americans being sent to relocation centers?

The Government (US) because it was a matter of national security during a war.

Who led Operation Torch and who was invaded during it?

Led by Dwight Eisenhower and he invaded Axis-controlled North Africa

What happened at the Tehran Conference?

It was a meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin which ended up in the Soviet Union agreeing to launch an offensive against Germany from the East while the U.S. and UK invaded Normandy.

Operation Overlord (D-Day) was a day in which the invasion of Normandy started (largest land-sea-air operation in army history), what were the five beaches invaded? (Possible Bonus)

Juno, Omaha, Gold, Utah, & Sword

Was the invasion of Normandy successful, and if so, what happened because of it?

Yes it was, and the Allies were able to hold an 80-mile strip in France to send troops and supplies much easier.

Who was in command of the Allied Forces on the islands (Philippines) during the Japanese invasion of said islands, and what did he say to the Philippine people?

General Douglas MacArthur, and he said that he would return soon.

What was the Bataan Death March?

Surrendered soldiers from the Philippines were forced to walk 50ish miles to basically concentration camps which they had little to no food or water, and if they dropped out of line they were killed on the spot.

What happened at the Battle of the Coral Sea?

The Allies successfully stopped the Japanese drive towards Australia.

What happened at the Battle of Midway?

The Allies knew about a sneak attack coming from Japan, so they striked first and bombed the Japanese planes which resulted in a clear victory for the Allies and a turning point in the Pacific.

What happened at the Battle of Okinawa?

It was the last major battle of WWII which resulted in an Allied victory but not before many casualties and is known as one of the bloodiest days of the war because of how many deaths there were.

What happened at the Yalta Conference?

It's agreed upon that Germany will be divided into four zones, and soon after France, U.S, and the UK combined their zones into a democratic government while the Soviet Union has their zone very communist and life was much worse.

What did the Manhattan Project do and who directed its development?

It was the codename for the creation of the first atomic bomb and was directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Potsdam Conference

Truman hears that the atomic bomb is ready so he starts getting sweet with the the UK and France, but when Stalin (Soviet Union) asked about it, Truman didn't say anything which eventually led to the Cold War and a race to create nuclear weapons. It was also decided what would happen to the German leaders that led concentration camps.

What was the name of the Emperor who surrendered for Japan and after what event did he surrender?

Emperor Hirehito & he surrendered after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

Many of Germany's high ranking officials were put on trial for Crimes Against the Peace, War Crimes, & Crimes against Humanity. (Majority were guilty)

How did U.S.' occupation of Japan positively affect Japan?

MacArthur changed the style of government in Japan while also reshaping its economy to a more free-market style which was largely beneficial.

What were some changes for the U.S. after the war?

The U.S. emerged as the world's largest economic and military power, women had more work opportunities created, and the GI Bill of Rights was established (Provided education and training for veterans).