1.1: Chemistry in Living System

protons

defines an element

electrons

jump and allow atoms to bond

isotope

different # of neutrons

radioisotopes

unstable isotopes, nucleus decays

covalent

share electronsi

sonic bonds

transferring electrons, disassociates in water

organic

contains carbon and hydrogen, use covalent bonds

inorganic

ionic or covalent, no -CH groups

intramolecular forces

hold atoms together within a molecule

polar covalent bonds

electrons are imbalanced, more attracted to molecule with higher EN

intermolecular bonds

hold molecules together, weak bonds

hydrogen bonds

weak association between an atom with a partial - charge and hydrogen atom with a partial + charge

hydrophobic interactions

non polar molecules do not form hydrogen bonds, clump when mixed with polar molecules

hydrophilic

polar molecules have attractive interactions with water molecules

anion

negative ion, non metal

cation

position ion, metals

hydrocarbons

long chains of carbon backbone with hydrogen

functional groups

cluster of atoms that always behaves in a certain way

hydroxyl

alcohols

aldehyde

aldehydes

keto

ketones

carboxyl

carboxylic acds

amino

amines

phosphate

organic phosphates

sulfhrydryl

thiols

molecular formula

shows the number of each type of atom in an element or compound

structural formula

shows how atoms are bonded together

isomeres

same formula, different structures