World History PT2

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Where was the Roman empire located circa 1500?

Italy

Which religous faith grew dominany in this region?

Catholicism

What is happening to the power structure of the HRE circa 1500?

It weakend

Which figure is the primary leader of the HRE?

Charles V

Where was the Songhai empire located circa 1500?

Centered on the middle reaches of the Niger River

What was commonly traded items/exports of the Songhai region via the east?

Salt and Gold

Whcih religious faith was introduced to the Songhai region via the east?

Islam

Which trade route linked the Songhai empire to much of Europe and Asia?

Trans-Saharan

Where was the Ottoman Empire located circa 1500?

Asia Minor

The Ottoman empire spanned which 3 continents at the height of its power

Southwest Asia, Balkan Peninsula, and North Africa

Main religion practiced in the Ottoman Empire

Islam

1453- \_________________ (city) was captured by the Ottoman Turks and renamed \__________________

Constantinople and Instanbul

What were commonly traded items/exports of this region of the world?

Coffee, ceramics, algebra

Where was the Mughal Empire located circa 1500?

North India

What were commonly traded items/exports of the Mughal empire?

Silk, Spices, Gems

Whcih two religious beliefs were dominant in North India?

Islam & Hindu

\___________________, \__________________, and \_____________________ (European nations) set up trading posts within Indian (Mughal) empire for financial benefit.

Portugal, England, and Netherlands

Famous architecture: \__________________ (one of the seven wonders of the world)

Taj Mahal

Lasting impact between \____________ & Muslim religions (mostly peaceful until the 20th century)

Islam*

Where is China located

Asia

What was the religious/philosophies practiced in China?

Confucianism

What were commonly traded items/exports of China's region?

Tea, Porcelain, Ink, Silk, Gunpowder (1600/1700s)

What did China do to try kepp foreign powers out of their empire?

Created policies, set up trade posts, Great Wall

For much of this time period (until 1854), Japan, like China, is \_______________ from the rest of the world

isolated

Who held power in feudal Japan?

Shogun

Main religion/philosophies practiced in Japan

Shinto

Aztecs located in North \____________________ (Current day \_______________)

America and Mexico

Incan located in South \__________________ (current day \_______________)

America and Peru

Incans lived within the \_________________________ Mountains (Machu Picchu)

Andes

Items of value in the Incans and Aztec empires

Gold, Silver, Maize (corn)

Trade routes across Nothern Europe were linked by the \___________________ Sea and the \________________ Sea

Mediterranean and Baltic

\_____________-\_________________ TRADE ROUTE - across the desert in North Africa

Trans - Saharan

SILK ROAD: stretched from \________________________ to the \_______________ basin

East China to Mediterranean

\_______________________ Ocean Trade Routes

Indian

Where did the Renaissance begin? List 3 reasons why the Renaissance began there?

Italy
-Large Population
-Center of trade
-Home of the Roman Catholic Church
-Money/Wealth

Define secular

Non-religious

The Renaissance brought about a different perspective and emphasized a more secular society and a more humanist approach. What are characteristics of humanism? Which world-famous painting is best example of humanist art?

Celebrating & acceptance of human body & focused on human innovation.

Mona Lisa

Who invented the printing press?

What did it do?

List two impacts it had on society:

Johannes Gutenberg 1436

Mass production of uniform printed matter, many books, newspapers

Books were more avaliable and spread of news

Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Michelangelo

Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David

Shakespeare

Wrote many plays

Desiderius Erasmus

Wrote The Praise of Folly

Sir Thomas More

Utopia

Niccolo Machiavelli

wrote The Prince

What was the most powerful institution in Europe before the Reformation?

Catholic Church

What were three causes that led to the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

Corruption within the Church

People looked for non-religious reasons why the Black Plague happened

Monarchs moved away from Church

Who was Martin Luther? Where was he from?

What did he write?

Key beliefs:

He was a monk and Germany

95 Theses

Salvation by faith

Where did Martin Luther display his grievances with the Church?

What were the names of the men that influence Luther's beliefs?

Door of Wittenburg, Germany Church

John Wycliffe & John Huss

John Calvin later expanded the Protestant Reformation. What are the key beliefs of the Calvinist doctrine.

God had decided who will gain salvation

Strong work ethic

Faith revealed by living a righteous life.

What were indulgences and why were they viewed as corrupt by Luther?

People would pay for your sins and was not in the bible.

Clergy

Leaders of the church

Simony

the buying or selling of spiritual items

Usury

lending money at an extremely high rate of interest

Papal States

Italian territuries under rule of Church

Heresy

belief contrary to official Church teaching

The Act of Supremacy of 1543 passed by Parliament allowed King Henry VIII to leave the Catholic Church. Why did he want to seperate from the Church?

He wanted to create his own church

Which city-state did the Medici's family live?

Why were they important? What did they do?

Florence

Patrons

The Tudors:

Members of this family included \__________________ VIII and \____________________I.

They ruled over \______________________.

King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I

England Church

Hapsburgs

This family ruled \______________________ and \________________________ and stayed loyal to the \___________________ during the protestant Reformation

Spain and Austria

Catholic Church

The Bourbons:

Which country did this family rule?

France

In what country did the Anglican Church become the offical Church? AND which female monarch of that country later established the Anglican Church as the official religion?

England & Queen Elizabeth I

Who were the Huguenots?

French Protestants

What did the Edict of Nantes do?

granted the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms

The Reformation in Centeral Europe

The \_______ Years' War raged on from \________________ to \________________ between the \________________ & the \______________ over who was going to control Europe.

30

1618 - 1646

German Protestants

Catholics

Who is Cardinal Richelieu?

An influential advisor to the French kings. he centralized the administrative system of the French state.

Which treaty ended hostilities surrounding the Thirty Year War?

Treaty of West Phalia

Outcomes of the 30 Years War

-France became most powerful country in Europe
-Calvinism legal in Germany
-Holy Roman Empire and Austria weaken
-1/3 of Germaine's population dies
-wars going onward were more political than religious

The movement started by the Catholic Church in an attempt to address corruption, clarify Catholic teachings, and better educate the Clergy was known as the \_______________________________ \_____________________________

Catholic Reformation

Who was the founder of the Society of Jesus/Jesuits? What was the purpose of this group?

Ignatius Loyola and it was made to preach the Catholic Doctorine.

Over the next few centuries of exploration and discovery, which continents did the Jesuits help spread Christianity to?

Asia and Africa

In an attempt to root out heretics, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain (Catholic) established the \____________________ to punish heretics and try to unify their nation.

Spanish Inquisition

How did the ideas of the Renaissance encourage the Protestant Reformation?

The printing press made books more avaliable and encouraged people to read more. This caused Luther to re-read the bible and write the 95 Theses. Another idea was that people were more into humanism and could use the problems within the church

King Henry VIII ruled over what country

England

King Philip II ruled over what country

Spain

King Louis XVI ruled over what country

France

Versallies Palace is located where

Located outside Paris

Peter the Great ruled over what country

Russia

Vasco da Gama

the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.

Christopher Columbus sailed to where

the Bahamas

Vasco de Gama sailed to where

India

Hernando Cortes sailed to where

The Aztecs

Queen Elizabeth I ruled over what country

England

King Henry IV ruled over what country

Germany

Francisco Pizarro sailed to where

The Incans

Magellan

First to circumnavigate the world

Prince Henry the Navigator

This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators

Jaques Cartier

French explorer who discovered the st. lawrence river, and gave france its claim to canada

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Mencantilism

form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices.

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Commercial Revolution

the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Prior to rise of powerful nations, who (or what institution) held most of the power in Europe?

Which monarch (king) was the first to go against the authority of the Pope and break away from the Catholic Church? Why did he do this? What do you think other monarchs were inspired to do?

King Henry VII

He wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Bolyen, but thw pope wouldn't allow this to happen. This resulted in King Henry leaving the church.

This inspired other monarchs to leave the church and rule their own country with their own laws and power.

What is divine right?

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Why would absolute monarchs sponsor explorers' voyages around the world?

They would sponsor them for the 3 G's

Which event did Spain attempt to invade England? Who won?

Spanish Armanda

England

How did the fall of Constantinople in 1453 lead to the Age of exploration?

This lead to the age of exploration due to nations needing ways to gather resources from the west, but due to the Fall of Constantinople, nations were forced to seek land or ways to get to these countries easier.

What were three motivating factors (the Gs) that fueled the Age of Exploration?

Gold: Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.

God: Support for the diffusion of Christianity

Glory: Political and economic competition between European empires

List 3 Goods/Ideas native to Old World (Europe) that went to the New World

horses, sugar plants, and disease