COB 204 test 2

Computer Hardware

consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software

Dual- Processor

\n a computer with 2 CPUs

Quad Processor

a computer with four CPUs

Main Memory

Memory that works in conjunction with the CPU. Stores data and instructions read by the CPU and stores the results of the CPU's computations.

Storage Hardware

Hardware that saves data and programs.

Solid-State Storage

Stores information using nonvolatile electronic circuits. (CDs, DVDs, USB)

Personal Computer

Classic computing device used by individuals

Server

Computer designed to support processing requests from many remote computers and users

Clients

Hardware that accesses servers

Server Farm

collection of thousands of servers

Internet of Things (IoT)

The idea that objects are becoming connected to the Internet so they can interact with other devices, applications, or services.

Machine to Machine (M2M)

devices that connect directly to other devices

Edge Computing

\n Smart devices enable computing to be done at the source of data (IoT) and this saves bandwith and improves appliation responsiveness

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

the connection of industrial smart devices and sensors via a network that share data

Binary Digits (Bits)

Data that computers represent (8 bits in one byte

Byte

A group of eight bits.

Volatile

Main memory and cache contents are lost when power is off

Nonvolatile

contents survive when power is off

Virtual Environments

simulated nonphysical environments

Reality

the state of things as they actually exist

Augmented Reality

the altering of reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects

Mixed Reality

the combination of the real physical world with interactive virtual images or objects

Virtual Reality

A completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

Sense of presence

The illusion that a virtual experience is real.

Self-Driving vehicle

uses a variety of sensors to navigate like a traditional vehicle but without human intervention

Drone

A remote controlled unmanned aircraft

Robots

Machines programmed to sense the environment, make decisions, and perform tasks

Industrial robots

computer-controlled machines used to perform repetitive tasks that are also hard or dangerous for human workers to perform

Financial Technology

information technology designed to provide automated financial services (ex: Venmo)

Digital Wallets

\n Software allowing people to conduct electronic transactions

Cryptocurrencies

Digital currencies with protections used to manage and record secure transactions (Bitcoin)

Blockchain

A decentralized public ledgering system used to record crypto transactions

Operating System

A program that controls that computer's resources

Native Applications

programs written to use a particular operating system

Web Applications

Designed to run within a computer browser

Modern-Style Applications

touch-screen oriented and provide context-sensitive, pop-up menus

What are the two major operating systems?

Unix and Linux

What are the two major mobile operating systems?

iOS and Android

Windows server

The version of Windows designed for server use.

Virtualization

the process by which one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers within it

Host Operating System

An operating system that runs another OS as an application

virtual machine (VM)

Software that simulates the hardware of a physical computer, creating one or more logical machines within one physical machine.

What are the three types of virtualization?

\-PC Virtualization: A PC hosts an OS \n -Server Virtualization: A server hosts computers \n -Desktop Virtualization: A server hosts many different desktop operating systems

You buy a ___________ instead of the actual computer program

License

Site License

Flat fee to install software product on all company computers or all computers at a specific site

Application Software

Performs a service or function (ex: Microsoft Word)

Horizontal Application Software

software that can be used across various industries

Vertical Application Software

Serves the need of a specific industry

One of a kind Software

Developed for a specific and unique purpose

What are the three different packages of application softwares?

Off the shelf, OTS with customs, or custom developed

Firmware

\n System software that controls hardware devices

GNU

A self-referential acronym meaning GNU Not Unix

GNU general public license (GPL) agreement

standard license agreement for open source software

open source software

Source code of the program is available to the public

Source Code

computer code as written by humans and understandable by humans

Machine code

machine-level instructions that are uniquely read by computer processors using patterns of 1s and 0s.

Closed Source

source code that is highly protected and only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors

Object oriented languages

Used to create difficult and complex application codes (ex: programming languages made with Java)

Mobile Systems

information systems that support users in motion

Mobile device

A small, lightweight, power-conserving, computing device that is capable of wireless access.

Control Unit

Accesses instruments, decodes instructions, then controls the CPU using those instructions

RAM

Random Access Memory- large, holds OS and applications

ROM

Read only memory- one command "go get the operating system"

Criteria for Successful Collaboration

1. Successful outcome
2. growth in team capability
3. meaningful and satisfying experience

Primary purposes of Collaboration

1. Becoming informed
2. Making decisions
3. Solving problems
4. managing projects

Operational decisions

Decisions employees make each day to make the organization function.

Managerial decisions

decisions about the allocation and utilization of resources

Strategic decisions

those that support broad-scope, organizational issues

Structured decision

process is one for which there is an understood and accepted method for making the decision

Unstructured Decision

Occurs in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice

Problem

a perceived difference between what is and what ought to be

Starting phase

Set the ground rules for the project and the team

Planning phase

Determine who will do what and when

Doing phase

project tasks are accomplished

Finalizing phase

complete the project, go live, determine what was not done, next steps

Collaboration System

an information system that requires collaboration

Project Data

data that is part of the collaboration's work product

Project Metadata

data that is used to manage the project (ex: budgets and planners)

Primary functions

Communication and content sharing

The cloud

elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet

Mainframes

large-scale high-speed centralized computers

Client-Server Architecture

allows clients to send requests across the internet to servers

Scalable

easily able to respond to incremental growth in demand

Cloud Computing Architecture

Computing architecture that allows employees and customers to access organizational data and applications located in the cloud.

Pooled

many different organizations use the same physical hardware; they share that hardware through virtualization

Over the internet

When applied to cloud computing, the provisioning of worldwide servers over the Internet.

Using the cloud:

1. Resource elasticity
2. Pooling resources
3. Over the internet

On-Premise systems

include a server at a physical location using an internal network for internal access and firewalls for remote users' access

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Cloud-hosted provider of virtualized servers and networks

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

A method that enables infrastructure and tools from the service provider so that the client does not need to manage them.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online.

Content Delivery Network

a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes those data available on demand

Network

a collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly

Personal Area Network (PAN)

connects devices located around a single person

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that connects devices in geographically separated areas.

Internet

A network of networks

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Internet Service Provider

A company that provides access to the Internet for a fee.