AP World History Vocabulary: Unit 6

Imperialism

the policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Nationalism

a nation is formed by a group of people with a common identity, language, history, and set of customs

Social Darwinism

the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better

East India Company

a joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism

Dutch East India Company

trading company founded in the Dutch Republic to protect that state's trade in the Indian Ocean and to assist in the Dutch war of independence from Spain

Berlin Conference

a meeting at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa

Treaty of Waitangi

the treaty signed by the British and Maori that gave Britain control over New Zealand

Scramble for Africa

the name given to the division of the African continent into European colonies

Monroe Doctrine

warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Boer Wars

war between Great Britain and the Boers in South Africa over control of rich mining country

Seven Years’ War

a conflict between France and Great Britain over North American land

Taiping Rebellion

a massive civil war in China led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ

Boxer Rebellion

a Chinese secret society that embarked on a violent campaign to drive all foreigners from China

Spanish-American War

conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America

Corvee laborer

a form of unpaid forced labor that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year

Afrikaners

South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers

Indian Rebellion of 1857

also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, a significant uprising against British rule in India

Philippine Revolution

Filipino independence struggle that exposed the weakness of Spanish administration but failed to evict Spaniards from the islands

Philippine-American War

an armed conflict between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries following the Spanish-American War

Maori Wars

a series of wars that took place between the New Zealand government and the native Maori people

Xhosa Cattle Killing movement

movement that started with the vision of a young girl, which inspired the African Xhosa tribe to kill their cattle and destroy their crops so the gods would remove the invaders from their lands

Anglo-Zulu War

a conflict between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom

Indian National Congress

a movement and political party that demanded greater Indian participation in government

Mahdi

an Islamic figure who is prophesied to return near the end of the world to defeat injustice and establish a global Islamic kingdom; “divine guidance”

Pan-Africanism

various movements in Africa that had the common goal of the unity of Africans and the elimination of colonialism and white supremacy from the continent

Sepoys

infantry soldiers from the Indian subcontinent

Raj

the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent

Apartheid

a legally enforced policy of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that aimed to maintain white minority rule

Treaty of Nanking

treaty that ended the first Opium War

Opium War

fought between Britain and China, triggered by British outcry against China's confiscation of British opium

Banana republics

a small, poor, politically unstable country that is weak because of an excessive reliance on one crop and foreign funding

Indentured servants

individuals who agreed to work for a specified period in exchange for passage to a new land and basic necessities during their servitude

Contract laborers

a system where individuals agree to work for a specific period under a set of conditions in exchange for compensation

Diaspora

occurs when a community of people is dispersed or scattered from their native territory and settles in another geographic location

Great Famine

a catastrophic period in Ireland caused by a devastating potato blight that led to mass starvation, disease, and immigration

Penal colony

a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location

Colonization society

communities that have been subjugated and controlled by foreign powers leading to significant political, economic, and cultural changes

Mohandas Gandhi

leader of the Indian Independence Movement known for a strategy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience

Chinese Exclusion Act

a Chinese immigration act passed by the United States Congress that banned all Chinese immigration into the United States

Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act

provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States

White Australia policy

to limit non-white (particularly Asian) immigration to Australia, to help keep Australia “all white”

White-collar

individuals employed in office environments

Blue-collar

workers who perform manual labor or skilled trades

Ethnic enclaves

a population with its own ethnic or national identity that is concentrated in a community within another nation

Natal Indian Congress

an organization founded in South Africa to represent the interests of Indian immigrants and promote their rights

Kangani system

a form of labor recruitment and organisation in parts of Southeast Asia under British colonial rule

Chinatowns

urban neighborhoods predominantly inhabited by Chinese immigrants and their descendants