Key Concepts in Motivation

Homeostasis

Body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Drive

Internal motivational state pushing behavior to satisfy needs.

Drive Reduction Theory

Proposes internal states of tension motivating need satisfaction.

Incentive Theory

Behavior driven by external rewards attracting specific actions.

Evolutionary Theories

Propose behavior influenced by survival and reproduction optimization.

Biological Motives

Driven by physiological needs essential for survival and homeostasis.

Social Motives

Arise from social interactions fulfilling psychological needs for belonging.

Hunger & the Hypothalamus

Brain regions regulating hunger, satiety, and eating behaviors.

Glucostatic Theory

Monitors blood glucose levels influencing hunger and eating behavior.

Insulin

Hormone regulating glucose metabolism and signaling satiety.

Leptin

Hormone from fat tissue regulating energy balance and appetite.

Environmental Factors Influencing Hunger

External factors like food availability influencing hunger and eating.

Obesity

Medical condition with excessive body fat posing health risks.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

Measure of body fat based on weight and height.

Set Point

Body's genetically predetermined weight range for stability.

Excitement Phase & Vasocongestion

Initial sexual response phase with arousal and blood flow.

Plateau Phase

Follows excitement phase with increased arousal towards peak.

Orgasm Phase

Peak of sexual arousal with intense pleasure and muscle contractions.

Resolution Phase

Conclusion of sexual response cycle with return to baseline arousal.

Sex v. Gender

Distinguishing biological sex from socially constructed gender roles.

Gender Differences in Sexual Activity

Variations in sexual behavior between males and females.

Gender Differences in Mate Preference

Variations in mate qualities prioritized by males and females.

Sexual Orientation: Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual

Enduring patterns of romantic or sexual attraction to genders.

Achievement Motive

Desire to excel, accomplish goals, and attain success.

Projective Test

Psychological assessment revealing unconscious thoughts and motives.

Affective Forecasting

Predicting emotional reactions to future events or situations.

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

Measure of skin conductivity changes in response to arousal.

Polygraph

Device measuring physiological responses to detect deception.

Brain Areas Influencing Emotions

Regions like limbic system and amygdala processing emotions.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial expressions influencing emotional experiences.

6 Fundamental Emotions

Basic emotions universally recognized across cultures.

Display Rules

Social norms dictating expression and regulation of emotions.

James-Lange Theory

Physiological arousal preceding emotional experience.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Emotions and physiological responses occurring simultaneously.

Schachter's 2 Factor Theory

Emotions result from physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

Evolutionary Theory of Emotions

Emotions evolved as adaptive responses to environmental stimuli.

Walter Cannon

Physiologist known for autonomic nervous system and fight-or-flight response.

Masters & Johnson's Human Sexual Response

Describes physiological stages of sexual arousal and response.

Robert Triver's Parental Investment Theory

Differences in parental investment shaping mating strategies.

David Buss

Evolutionary psychologist studying human mating strategies.

Alfred Kinsey's 7 Point Scale

Assesses sexual orientation based on experiences and attractions.

David McClelland

Psychologist known for work on human motivation and needs.

John Atkinson's 3 Determinants of Achievement Behavior

Factors influencing individuals' achievement behavior.

Overjustification Effect

Extrinsic rewards decreasing intrinsic motivation for activities.

Yerkes-Dodson Law (Arousal Theory)

Relationship between arousal levels and task performance.